Success and Failure: On the Contribution of Recognised Failures to the Development of Prestressed Concrete Construction

预应力混凝土施工是一种与现代高度相关的施工方法。它始于19世纪80年代，最初主要是针对混凝土裂缝问题的有趣工程解决方案。在20世纪，预应力成为了一项颠覆性的创新。尽管有一些科学和技术上的死胡同、错误的发展和损坏的案例，它仍朝着最重要的丝丝和大跨度混凝土结构的施工方法发展。预应力混凝土的成功案例有充分的文献证明。然而，对失败作为创新驱动因素的深入分析仍有待研究。此外，该项目还涉及到SPP最初的核心问题：高现代时代土木工程结构拆除的增加。预应力混凝土结构注定会被忽视，因为它的本质构造在混凝土中是看不见的，有价值的创新往往在于结构细节。因此，对预应力混凝土结构的适当评价在今天仍然是一种需要。因此，该项目的主要目标是撰写一部成功与失败之间的预应力混凝土建设史，作为德国预应力混凝土建筑遗产保护的基础。预应力混凝土发展史上存在的科学误区、理论渗透不足、施工现场困难、细部错误等诸多问题，往往被忽视。这项工作的一个重要部分是识别、描述和分类规划、设计和施工过程中的故障和不良发展。在此基础上，探讨这些错误是如何促进和影响施工方法的进一步发展的。另一个论点是，在专家群体中出现了关于“正确”程序和“不正确”假设的争论，特别是在具体建筑项目方面，这将被深入研究。此外，应该回答的问题是，为什么，特别是在早期阶段，参与者坚持预应力混凝土，并推动其进一步发展，尽管有时相当大的挫折。将研究标准中规定的技术水平与研究现状之间的差异及其原因，以及跨国界知识转移的形式和限制。最后，有趣的预应力混凝土建筑将根据它们是否值得保护古典纪念碑标准或是否有必要扩大标准进行审查。该项目主要关注德国预应力混凝土的发展，特别是在桥梁建设方面。来自法国的影响，特别是在近代的前半段，以及瑞士的后半段也被考虑在内。

Prestressed concrete construction is associated with the high modern era like no other construction method. Its beginnings in the 1880s were initially primarily interesting engineering solutions to the problem of cracks in concrete. In the 20th century, prestressing became a disruptive innovation. It developed towards the most important construction method for filigree and wide-span concrete structures, despite several scientific and technical dead ends, misguided developments and cases of damage. The success story of prestressed concrete is sufficiently documented. However, an in-depth analysis of failures as innovation drivers is still pending. In addition, the project refers to the initial core problem of SPP: the increased demolition of civil engineering structures of the high modern era. Prestressed concrete structures are predestined to be overlooked, because their essential construction is invisible in the concrete and the valuable innovation often lies in structural details. An appropriate appreciation of prestressed concrete structures is therefore still a desideratum today. The main objective of the project is therefore to write a critically reflected construction history of prestressed concrete between success and failure as a basis for the heritage conservation of prestressed concrete buildings in Germany. The manifold problems in the history of prestressed concrete, e.g. scientific misconceptions, insufficient theoretical penetration, difficulties on the building site, errors in detail, have so far often been marginalized. An essential part of the work is the identification, description and classification of failures and undesirable developments in the planning, design and construction process. Based on this, it will be explored how these mistakes have promoted and influenced the further development of the construction method. Another thesis is that disputes about "correct" procedures and "incorrect" assumptions have been arisen in the expert community especially with regard to concrete construction projects, which will be examined in depth. Furthermore, the question should be answered why, especially in the early phase, the actors involved adhered to prestressed concrete and pushed its further development despite sometimes considerable setbacks. Differences and their reasons between the state of the art regulated in standards and the current state of research as well as forms and limits of knowledge transfer across national borders will be worked out. Finally, interesting prestressed concrete buildings will be examined in terms of whether they are worthy of protection according to classical monument criteria or whether an expansion of the criteria is necessary. The project focuses primarily on the development of prestressed concrete in Germany, especially in bridge construction. Influences from France, especially in the first half of the high modern era, and Switzerland in the second half are also taken into consideration.