Bio-engineering by Polder System on Saline Soil in Thailand

通过引入圩田系统，研究了一种可持续的生物生产方法。研究的主要目的是通过建立由抗旱耐盐植物引进、经济作物种植、水土环境改善、表土保持、小动物饲养和鱼类养殖等组成的综合生物生产系统，发展可持续农业。由共同研究领域组成的详细主题是(i)圩田复垦，（ii）气球航空摄影调查，（iii）植被群落和演替痕迹，（iv）有用植被和作物的种植，(v)地表水流量，地下水流量和水质的痕迹，（vi）地下水或灌溉池塘灌溉用水的管理，（vii）圩田盐分积累的控制，（viii）土壤理化性质，土壤养分，研究地点位于泰国东北部的Khon Kaen地区…More ict 27HE06: 230-242（N16 17′47”，E102 39′08”），该地区贫瘠，洪水泛滥，受盐影响严重。基准海拔高度为海拔177.948米。由于气象条件波动较大且不确定，该区土地利用以稻田为主，生产力不高。土壤水分流失多由沙质土壤造成。表层土壤中的盐积累是由浅黑色地下水引起的。此外，旱季灌溉用水有限。三体圩田用后锄回收，呈卵型。选择圩田体的卵型是为了防止淹水。圩区各面积为1600m^2 (No.1), 112m ^2（No. 2）。2)和3200m^2(3)。引水沟渠面积1500m^2。1和2)和1100m^2(3)。围垦一年后，圩体被野草覆盖，基本稳定。据估计，导流沟和圩田体的作用有：(i)控制地下水，（ii）在雨季保持灌溉用水，（iii）鱼塘，（iv）防洪，(v)阻挡外来动物入侵，（Vi）缓解圩田气象等。在圩田体上种植棉花、金合欢和桉树，在圩田中考察了部分经济作物，其生长情况基本良好。少

A study was conducted to examine a method of sustainable biological production by introducing the Polder System. The mainly purpose of the study is to develop a sustainable agriculture by cearting integrated biological production system which comprises of some components such as introduction of drought resistance and salt tolerance plant, cash crops cultivation, improvement of soil and water environment, surface soil conservation, small animal rearing and fish culture. Detail themes consisted of co-researchers field are (i) reclamation of the Polder, (ii) aerial photogram survey by balloon, (iii) set of vegetation community and trace of succession, (iv) cultivation of useful vegetation and crops, (v) trace of surface water flow, groundwater flow and water quality, (vi) management of irrigation water by groundwater or irrigation pond, (vii) control of salt accumulation in the Polder, (viii) soil physico-chemical properties, soil nutrient, etc.Research site was located at Khon Kaen distr … More ict in Northeastern Thailand 27HE06 : 230-242(N16ﾟ17'47", E102ﾟ39'08") where is barren, flooding and strong affected salt. Elevation of Bench-mark is 177.948m above sea level. The mainly land use in this area is rice field with not so high productivity as fluctuation of meteorogical condition is rather high and uncertain. Soil water erosion is so much by sandy soil. Salt accumulation in the surface soil is occurred by shallow blackish groundwater. Moreover, irrigation water in dry season is limited. Three bodies of the Polder were reclaimed by back hoe with the egg type shaped. Egg type of the Polder body was selected for protection from flooding. Each area of the Polder are 1600m^2 (No.1), 1120m^2(No.2) and 3200m^2(No.3). Area of diversion ditch are 1500m^2(No.1 and 2) and 1100m^2(No.3).The Polder body was stabled in pass one year after reclamation by covering of wild grass. It was estimated that roles of diversion ditch and polder body are as (i) groundwater control, (ii) irrigation water holding in rainy season, (iii) fish pond, (iv) protection from flooding, (v) barrier for invading of animals from outside, (Vi) mitigation of meteology in polder, etc. Cotton tree, acacia and eucalyptus were planted on top of polder body, some cash crops were examined in polder, and these growth were almost good. Less