RESEARCH ON THE MODERN APPLICATION OF NATURAL ENERGY UTILIZATION TECHNOLOGIES OF TRADITONAL VERNACULAR HOUSES

这项合作研究是由热、光、湿度和空气方面的环境研究专家在1995至1997年的最后三个财政年度进行的。本研究的目的是根据现场测量的结果，找出传统民居中各种自然能源利用技术的特点，并提出将这些技术有效地应用于现代建筑建筑设计的手段。研究成果总结如下：(1)不同地区特色乡土技术的实地考察，作为现代应用的垫脚石：东北地区的吉野通过数值计算确定了乡土民居的各种装置对室内空气温度的影响。石原慎太郎从调查结果中阐明了缓解热应激的效果，并在日本南部使用了高储藏量和双层屋顶结构。渡边指挥现场…对九州北部各地区的民居进行了更多的调查。伊藤在东京Matchida的一栋房屋中确定了茅草屋顶的蒸发降温效果。(2)评估方法的建立和现代应用乡土技术的基本信息：Tanabe测量了湿热地区不同民族服装的空气渗透效果。Shukuya试图建立基于火用-熵理论的白话器具与自然共存的评价方法。Urano对各种被动冷却装置进行了问卷调查，确定了实际认识状况和推广中存在的问题。岩下测量了鹿儿岛多户公寓的室内空气污染物浓度，检查了打开窗户的影响。小玉提出了现代应用各种不同特点的方言无源装置的指导方针。石原制作了九州区气候图，用于设计与自然共生的房屋。(3)乡土技术的现代应用实例：Aratani设计并建造了一个寒冷多雪气候下的蔬菜储藏库，提出了将雪的隔热作用和地面的热容应用到现代的储物方法。用几种保湿剂浸渍的调湿建材应用于现代住宅和城市路面，进行了实验和模拟。渡边制作了一座砖墙实验房屋，带有空气流通的空隙空间，展示了实验结果。石原介绍了福冈一座与环境共存的新房的热环境测量结果。(4)木村总结了总体结果，并在一次国际会议上提交了一篇论文。较少

This cooperative research has been carried out by the environmental research experts in heat, light, moisture and air for the last three fiscal years from 1995 to 1997. The objective of the research is to identify the special features of various kinds of natural energy utilization technologies in traditional vernacular houses based on the results of field measurements to present the means to apply these technologies effectively to the architectural design of modern buildings. Research results are summarized as follows.(1) Field investigation on the vernacular technologies with special features in different districts as a stepping stone for modern application : Yoshino in North-Eastern district identified the effects of various devices of vernacular houses on room air temperature by numerical calculation. Ishihara clarified the effects of mitigating heat stress from the results of investigation with a high storage and the double roof structure in southern Japan. Watanabe conduced field … More investigation on vernacular houses in various areas in the northern part of Kyushu. Ito identified the evaporative cooling effects of thatched roof in a house in Matchida, Tokyo.(2) Establishment of evaluation method and presentation of basic information on vernacular technologies for modern application : Tanabe measured the effects of air permeance through various ethnic clothes in hot and humid regions. Shukuya tried to establish the evaluation method on the vernacular devices to co-exist with nature based on exergy-entropy theory. Urano conducted a questionnaire survey on the various kinds of passive cooling devices identifying the actual state of recognition and the problems in promoting them. Iwashita measured the concentration of indoor air pollutants in multi-family apartments in Kagoshima, examining the effects of opening windows. Kodama proposed the guideline of modern application of various vernacular passive devices with different characteristics. Ishihara produced a climate map of Kyushu district for designing the houses of coexisting with nature.(3) Examples of modern application of vernacular technologies : Aratani designed and constructed a vegetable storage in the cold and snowy climate, presenting the method to store things to apply the insulating effect of snow and the heat capacity of ground to modern age. Tanimoto conducted an experiment and simulation with the moisture regulation building materials impregnated with a few kind of absorbent to be applied to modern houses and urban pavement surfaces. Watanabe fabricated an experimental house with brick walls with void space for air circulation, showing the experimental results. Ishihara presented the measured results on thermal environment in a new house coexisting with the environment in Fukuoka.(4) Kimura summarized the overall results, on which a paper was presented at an international conference. Less