Designe and Evaluation of the Afforestation of Desort by Water Controll

1994年，开发了大尺度降水分布估算模拟器。利用该模拟器，在全球模式提供的边界和初始条件下，研究了地表条件对降水的影响，利用模拟土壤模拟了地下水的输送，特别是咸水向地表的输送和盐分的积累。结果表明，在假定太阳光照射的条件下，红外光照射可促进土壤水分迁移，抑制土壤盐分积累。湿润的空气和上升流是沙漠降水所必需的，因此我们展示了两种方式：人工造山和热对流形成上升流。至于湿空气的发生，我们认为是人工浅滩对蒸发的促进。根据浅水表面的热平衡，估算了平衡水温时湿空气的蒸发率。通过模型试验研究了蒸发速率、土壤湿度和地表蒸发量之间的水分平衡关系，并于1995年开发了沙漠气候模拟程序，进行了沙漠植树方案评价。对西澳沙漠600公里×600公里的沿海地区，根据物质平衡和能量平衡进行了计算，并计算了大气水汽和降水的修正量。变化的反照率、地表升降和含水率、大气水汽含量和降雨量增加。此外，植树固定碳的成本计算和与其他措施的比较是实现荒漠植树的必要条件。因此，我们对评价的方式进行了研究。

In 1994, the simulator for the estimation of the large scale rainfall distribution was developed. Using this simulator under the boundary and initial conditions provided by the global model, we investigated the effect of the earth's surface conditions to rainfall.We examined the underground water transfer, especially the salt water transfer to the upper ground and the accumulation of salt using imitate earth. As a result, it was proed that the water transfer was promoted and the salt accumulation at surface might be suppressed under the conditions of IR irradiation assuming sunbeam. The humid air and the ascendeing current was necessary to rainfall on desert, so we showed two ways, the installation of artificial mountain and the formation of the ascending current by the thermal convection. As for the occurrence of the humid air, we supposed the promotion of evaporation by artificial shallows. Based on the thermal balance in shallow water surface, the evaporation rate of humid air for equilibrium water temperature was estimated. The water balance relationship between evaporation rate, soil humidity and evaporation on soil surface were examined from model experiment.In 1995, development of the climate simulation program in desert and evaluation of plant trees scenario in desert was performed. For the coastal region of 600km * 600km in West Australian Desert, the calculation according to mass balance and energy balance was executed, and the modification amount was calculated about vapor in the atmosphere and rainfall. Changing albedo, rise and fall on surface and water containing rate, vapor in the atmosphere and rainfall was increased. Furthermore, the cost calculation of plant trees to fix carbon and comparison with other measures was necessary to the realization of plant trees in desert. Therefore we investigated the way of evaluation.