Studies of the Structure-Property Relationship for Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Polymers in Dilute and Concentrated Solutions

本研究旨在构建成像板-小角度x射线散射（IP-SAXS）装置，并通过分析IP-SAXS和其他测量结果（如光散射、粘度和旋光度）来解释具有各种构象的天然聚合物和合成聚合物的稀溶液和浓溶液性质。所得主要结果总结如下：1.对胶体和聚苯乙烯溶液的SAXS测量取代了IP-SAXS装置的实用性。2.IP-SAXS测定的聚碳酸酯和透明质酸溶液的旋转半径和散射函数与光散射半径和粘度数据一致，并且都可以用基于虫状链的现有理论定量解释。3.发现准双参数理论描述了排除体积对半柔性聚合物的旋转半径和特性粘度的影响，而不考虑链刚度。4.此外，还首次发现聚苯乙烯在θ点附近的三元聚类积分几乎与温度无关。5.用现有的统计力学理论描述了手性多异氰酸酯的螺旋反转。6.介质色散证实了三螺旋裂藻水溶液中有序相的结构是由葡萄糖侧链和水分子之间的氢键形成的。7.采用基于虫链模型的理论描述了各向同性聚异氰酸己酯溶液的光散射和粘滞行为。8.两种苯氨基甲酸酯纤维素衍生物在溶液中形成液晶，并用稀溶液研究中确定的虫状链参数从理论上解释了它们的相界浓度。9.实验成功地测定了phic -甲苯溶液中共存的各向同性相和向列相之间的界面张力以及分子链的排列。少

This study was performed to construct an imaging plate-small angle X-ray scattering (IP-SAXS) apparatus and to explain dilute and concentrated solution properties of naturally occurring and synthetic polymers with a variety of conformations by analyzing results from IP-SAXS and other measurements such as light scattering, viscosity, and optical rotation. The main results obtained are summarized as follows. 1.SAXS measurements on aurous colloid and polystirene solutions substatiated the usefulness of the IP-SAXS apparatus constructed. 2.The radii of gyration and scattering functions determined by IP-SAXS for polycarbonate and hyaluronate solutions were consistent with light scattering radii and viscosity data, and all were quantitatively explained by current theories based on the wormlike chain. 3.The quasi-two-parameter theory was found to describe excluded-volume effects on the radius of gyration and the intrinsic viscosity for semiflexible polymers, regardless of chain stiffness. 4.T … More he ternary cluster integral for polystirene in trans-decalin near the theta point was found for the first time to be almost independent of temperature. 5.Helix reversals in chiral polyisocyanates were described by the current statistical mechanical theory. 6.It was confirmed by dielectric dispersion that the structure of the ordered phase in aqueous solutions of triple-helical schizophyllan is formed by hydrogen bonding between glucose side chains and water molecules. 7.Light scattering and viscosity behavior of isotropic solutions of poly (hexyl isocyanate) (PHIC) were shown to be described by theories based on the wormlike chain model. 8.Solutions of two cellulose phenylcarbamate derivatives formed liquid crystals, and their phase boundary concentrations were theoretically explained with the wormlike chain parameters determined from dilute solution studies. 9.The interfacial tension between coexisting isotropic and nematic phases of PHIC-toluene solutions and also the alignment of molecular chains were successfully determined by experiment. Less