FROM NORM TO CREATION : THE EDUCATION OF RHETORIC AND THE FRENCH LITERATURE.

我们最近开始了解古典修辞学对欧洲知识界的影响。但是，即使是西方的学者，也没有认识到修辞学与文学之间的相互关系，也没有认识到修辞学教育在法律和高等院校中的重要性。我们的研究局限于法国文学领域，尤其关注从每个时代的教育手册语料库中推断当前“话语”的“范式”，结果是我们成功地阐明了文学创作中的一种机制：我们特别确定了1)中世纪拉丁诗歌手册中“挽歌悖论”的来源，2)它与中世纪法国文学作品中许多类似例子的关系，3)19世纪法国中学修辞教育几次改革的历史背景以及它们与各种文学趋势的关系。

We have recently begun to understand the influence effected by the classical rhetoric in the intelctual world in Europe. But the scholars, even in the Occident, don't recognize the interrelation between the rhetoric and the literature, nor the importance of the education of rhetric in both lawer and higher instirutions. Our research, limited in the domain of french literature, concerns especialy inferring the current 'paradigms' of the 'discours' from the corpus of educational manuals in each epoch, the results is that we successed in clarifyuing a mechanism in the literary creation : we identified specificaly 1) the source of the eloge paradoxal in medieval latin manuals of peotic, 2) its relations with many similar examples found in the literary production in the medieval France, 3) historical context of several reforms in the education of rhetric at the level of the secondary schools in the 19^<th> century France and their relations with divers literary trends.