Development of Measuring Method of Interaction Force between Surfaces with Atomic Force Microscope

1.原子力显微镜探针尖端形状的评价与成像的改进原子力显微镜（AFM）对材料（如颗粒）的成像受到探针尖端形状和角度的强烈影响。采用球形粒子进行标定，成功估计了尖端的详细形状和曲率半径，建立了获得改进样本图像的方法。建立了一种用环氧树脂在原子力显微镜探针端粘接胶体微粒的方法。这种探针使我们能够直接测量一个粒子和一个平板表面之间以及两个粒子之间的相互作用力。利用本研究开发的悬臂梁，测量了云母板与颗粒之间以及云母板与探针尖端之间的相互作用力。电解质溶液中相互作用力的DLVO理论得到了实验的证实。当两个表面接近时，测量了与水化力相关的附加斥力。附着力与界面上吸附阳离子的水化作用和表面吸附分子的结构有关。<非水体系>为了建立非水体系中表面间相互作用力的理论，研究了醇水溶液中的相互作用力，并澄清了DLVO理论的适用范围。发现与DLVO理论的偏差主要是由于溶液的介电常数和分子大小。研究了吸附在表面的分子结构与粘附力的关系。<磁效应>利用原子力显微镜（AFM）研究了磁暴露在表面上吸附的分子的有序性，并在分子水平上证实了磁效应的存在。

1.Evaluation of Shape of Probe Tip of Atomic Force Microscope and Improvement of ImagesImages of materials, such as particles, generated by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) are strongly influenced by the shape and angle of the tip. Using a spherical particle for the calibration, the detailed shape and radius of curvature of the tip were successfully estimated, and the method to obtain improved sample image was established.2.Development of Colloid CantileverA method to glue a sherical particle on the probe tip of AFM with epoxy resin was established. This probe enable us to measure directly the interaction forces between surfaces of a particle and a flat plate and also between two particles.3.Measurement of Interaction ForceUsing the cantilever developed in this work, the interaction forces between a mica plate and a particle and between a mica plate and a probe tip were measured.<Aqueous system> The DLVO theory for the interaction force in electrolyte solution was confirmed experimentally. The additional repulsive force related with the hydration force was measured when two surfaces were close. The adhesive force was successfully related with the hydration of adsorbed cations on the interface and the structure of molecules adsorbed on the surface.<Non-aqueous system> In order to develop a theory of interaction forces between surfaces in non-aqueous systems, the interaction forces in alcohol aqueous solutions were investigated and the region where DLVO theory was applicable was clarified. It was found that the deviation from the DLVO theory was attributable to the permittivity and molecular sizes of solutions. The correlation between the structure of molecules adsorbed on the surface and the adhesive force were also clarified.<Magnetic effects> The ordering of molecules adsorbed on a surface by the magnetic exposure was examined using AFM and the existence of the magnetic effects was confirmed on the molecular level.