ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDIES OF DOMESTICATION : SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PERSONS AND LIVESTOCK/CROP

这项研究项目的目的是通过实地考察和描述人与植物/动物之间的共生互惠关系，作为驯化的人类学研究。在该项目的头两年，我们专注于收集与人与植物/动物之间的关系有关的原始数据。针对动物与人之间的共生关系，将积累的数据与以前在非洲进行实地研究获得的相关数据进行了比较研究和全面分析。我们重点研究了冲之岛西野岛的牛群和东北的北上山地区的牛群。研究了家庭范围的大小和结构、母婴关系、雄性和雌性关系以及分组结构。我们还拍摄了不同种类的人类对牛群的干预以及牛群对人类活动的反应的场景。对于作为持续驯化过程的人-植物关系的研究，我们选择了两个研究地点：冲绳和北上山区。在北上，研究了野生植物的利用和识别，日本本土谷子种植的现状和历史，以及对半驯化植物的利用和无意识的人类干预。此外，还对琉球的利用和田间管理进行了民族植物学研究。对人类干预的程度进行了调查和定量测量，并在几个场合报告和讨论了研究结果。分析的结果与在非洲的研究结果进行了比较。在会议上，研究了在公共平台上观察动植物的驯化人类学研究的新的可能方法。

The purpose of this research project was to examine and describe the symbiotic reciprocal relationships be tween persons and plants/animals through the field work as an anthropological study of domestication. In the first two years of the project, we concentrated on the collection of raw data relating to the relationships between persons and plants/animals. Comparative studies and overall analysis of the accumulated data were made in comparison with the related data obtained from previous field research in Africa.Regarding to the symbiotic relationships between animals and persons. We focused on the study of cattle herds of Nishinoshima island in Oki islands and those of Kitakami Mountain area in Tohoku. The size and structure of home range, mother-infant relationships, male-female relationships, and the structure of groupings were studied. We also video-recorded the scenes of different varieties of human intervention towards cattle herds and the reaction of cattle herds against human activities.For the study of person-plant relationships as an on-going process of domestication, we chose two research site ; Okinawa and Kitakami Mountain area. In Kitakami, the utilization and recognition of wild plants, present status of Japanese indigenous millet cultivation and its history, and utilization and unconscious human intervention towards semi-domesticated plants were studied. The ethnobotanical study on Ryukyu-Itobasho (Japanese Musa) was also made on the utilization and the field management. The extent of human intervention were investigatcd and quantitatively measured.Research findings were reported and discussed in several occasions. Results of the analysis were compared to those obtained from the research in Africa.In the meeting new possible approaches towards the anthropological study of domestication viewing the plants and animals on the common platform, were examined.