A study on photodegradation of polymers catalyzed by semiconductor

本研究由两部分组成：(1)固体聚合物(聚氯乙烯、聚氯乙烯)和水溶性聚合物(聚乙二醇和PVA)的光氧化；(2)生物聚合物如DNA、RNA、碱和多氨基酸的光氧化：(1)在二氧化钛或氧化锌悬浮液中，在紫外光和/或太阳照射下，研究了聚氯乙烯和聚氯乙烯薄膜固体粒子的光催化氧化分解。对二氧化碳的脱氯和放出进行了监测，后者通过醋酸和甲酸的中间体发生。在二氧化钛-水介质中，添加过氧化氢和过硫酸钾等氧化剂，可提高聚合物样品的光降解能力。用扫描电子显微镜观察了这些颗粒物的光腐蚀情况。聚乙二醇和聚乙烯醇的水溶性聚合物也可以通过羟基和/或醛被光降解成CH_3COOH、HCOOH和CO_2气体。(2)在物理防晒剂--锐钛矿型/金红石型粒子存在下，研究了DNA和RNA在UV-A和UV-B辐射下的敏化光化学，以评估这种物质与这些底物接触时可能造成的损害。这两种核苷酸被部分分解为二氧化碳，而氮被转化为氨和硝酸根离子。用透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和凝胶渗透色谱证实了DNA的物理和化学损伤。此外，作为基础研究，还考察了氮在各种氨基酸中的去向。氨基酸中的氮主要光转化为NH_4~+，其次为NO_3~-。

The research is composed of two sections ; (1) Photooxidation of solid polymers (polyvinylchloride PVC) and water-soluble polymers (PEG and PVA) (2) Photooxidation of biopolymers such as DNA,RNA,bases and polyamino acids.(1) The photocatalyzed oxidative decompositions of solid particles of PVC and a PVC film have been examined in suspensions of titania or zinc oxide illuminated by UV light and/or by solar exposure. Dechlorination and evolution of carbon dioxide were monitored, the latter occurring by the intermediacy of acetic and formic acids. The photodegradation of polymer specimens was enhanced in TiO_2-water media by such added oxidants as hydrogen peroxide and potassium persulfate. Photocorrosion of these particulates was also examined by scanning electron microscopy. Water-soluble polymers of PEG and PVA were also photodegraded to CH_3COOH,HCOOH and CO_2 gas via hydroxyl and/or aldehydes.(2) The sensitized photochemistry of DNA and RNA has been examined under UV-A and UV-B radiation in the presence of a physical sunscreen agent, TiO_2 anatase/rutile particles, to assess the possible damage that such an agent might cause on contact with such substrates. These two nucleotides are partially decomposed to carbon dioxide and the nitrogen are converted to ammonia and nitrate ions. The physical and chemical damage done to DNA was confirmed by TEM and SEM,and gel permeation chromatography. In addition, the fate of nitrogen in various amino acids was also examined as a fundamental research. The nitrogen in the amino acids are photoconverted predominantly into NH_4^+ and to a lesser extent into NO_3^- ions.