Tuning the morphology of metal deposits at liquid-liquid interfaces: nanoparticles, nanowires and super smooth films

金属的沉积可以通过界面氧化还原反应在液相界面上完成。后者可以由还原剂在一相中的适当活性和第二相中的金属离子活性驱动。初步研究表明，第一相金属离子活性与第二相还原物活性的比值决定了金属镀层的形态。因此，银的沉淀可以调整为产生粒状、丝状（晶须）或薄膜沉积。本项目的重点是(i)系统研究各种金属和合金的金属沉积，（ii）阐明实验条件变化导致结构变化的原因，（iii）在液态|液态界面上石墨颗粒上镀金属的实验。该项目的目标是寻找合成新材料的新途径，并了解界面反应背后的物理化学。

The deposition of metals can be accomplished at liquid|liquid interfaces with the help of interfacial redox reactions. The latter can be driven by appropriate activities of a reducing agent in one liquid phase and the metal ion activity in the second phase. In a preliminary study it has been shown that the ratio of activities of metal ions in phase I and of the reducing species in phase II decides about the morphology of metal deposits. Thus the precipitation of silver can be tuned to produce granulous, filamentous (whiskers) or film deposits. The present project is focused (i) on a systematic study of metal depositions of various metals and alloys, (ii) on elucidation the reasons for the structural changes achieved by variations of the experimental conditions, (iii) experiments for plating of metals on graphite particles at liquid|liquid interfaces. The objective of the project is to find new routes to the synthesis of new materials, and to understand the physical chemistry behind the interfacial reactions.