Studies on the distribution and diversification of S alleles in connectrion with self-and non-self recognition in Brassica in European countries

本项目研究的目的是对欧洲国家的野生油菜和甘蓝种子进行调查，并收集它们的种子，以分析参与自体和异体花粉/雌蕊识别反应的S等位基因的分布。为了调查这一现象，我们走访了德国加特斯本植物遗传学和作物植物研究所的托马斯·格莱兹博士，并参观了一个野生油菜种群在他的帮助下生长的地方。然而，根据最近农业形势的变化，大麦地被改为牧场，我们在这个国家找不到任何这种物种的野生种群。此外，有人建议该物种被列为可能灭绝的物种。我们在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹和乌得勒支之间进行了一次调查。在溪边和路边发现了8个甘蓝型油菜种群。然而，这些种群被认为是逃逸的种群。在英国多佛市附近的福克斯通，我们也发现了大量的野生甘蓝。它们生长在靠海的悬崖上，生长在悬崖底部的公路上。上百株植物沿着这条路长了大约300米，我们可以从它们那里单独获得一些种子。在不干扰种群结构的情况下，只从每株植物上采集了少量种子。据透露，野生油菜此时可能在俄罗斯和斯洛伐克的黑海附近生长。不确定，但可能在英国或丹麦的田间杂草或油菜栽培中生长。这次考察之旅在获得甘蓝属一些种子方面取得了部分成功，我们将对这些材料上的S等位基因进行分析，并调查野生种群的等位基因的分布和多样性。

The objective of this project research is to carry out a survey trip on wild Brassica campestris and B.oleracea in European countries and a collection of seeds of them on individual base to make analysis on the distribution of S-alleles, which are considered to participate in the recognition reaction of self-and nonself pollen/pistils.In order to investigate it in Germany we have visited Dr. Thomas Glades, institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research in Gatersleben, and made a trip to the place in where a wild B.campestris population was described to grow by kind help of him. However, the barley field was changed to pasture, according to very recent changes of agricultural situations, and we could not find any wild populations of this species in this country. Furthermore, it was suggested that this species is listed to be a possible species going to extinction.We have carried out a survey trip between Amsterdam and Utrecht in Netherland. Eight populations of B.napus was found on the creek sides and road sides. These populations, however, was considered to be escaped ones. B.nigra was also found near to some of these populations.At Folkestone, near to Dover, in England, we could find a good population of wild B.oleracea. They grow on the cliff against sea and the road on the base of cliff. More than hundred plants grew along the road for about 300 m. and we could obtain some seeds from them on individual base. Only few seeds were collected from each plant not to disturb the population structure of the population.It was revealed that wild B.campestris may grow at this moment near the Black Sea in Russia and Slovakia. It is not sure, but possibly grow as a weed in the field or rape cultivation in England or Denmark.This survey trip was partly successful in obtaining some seeds of B.oleracea, and we are going to make an analysis of S-alleles on this materials and to investigate the distribution and diversity of Salleles of wild populations.