Systematic studies of Gramineae and Cyperaceae in Himalayas.

我们将在这里报道尼泊尔中部朗唐喜马拉雅山脉戈萨恩昆德地区植物区系的系统和生态学研究。系统研究本研究共采集禾本科和苏科植物标本约3000份。鉴定出禾本科29属55种，苏科7属35种。在尼泊尔中部的高山地区，首次记录了藏红花、红羊茅和大叶雀稗。本研究首次发现了25种草属植物的染色体数目。在韩国发现的连续染色体数为2n=50 ~ 120，表明在喜马拉雅高山地区分布着许多小种。在Gosain Kund附近的一个砂坡上设置了禾本科植物与地形梯度的关系。该带的优势种为尼泊尔小鹿。第二优势种为连续蕨草（Potentilla连续），第三优势种为柏草（k.p pygmaea. cyper），科、禾本科植物较多出现在坡面中上部，相对稳定。在斜坡下部，由于斜坡上部的岩石不稳定，P.pygmaea占主导地位。2 .样地内平均种数以尼泊尔沙螽和野沙螽优势区多。放牧对禾本科植物的影响评价林地上限以Arundinella群落为优势，海拔4000m以上以Poa和Festuca群落为优势。在这些带之间，Kobresia群落占主导地位，这是高山喜马拉雅地区的特征。这些群落大量被绵羊、山羊、马和牛等家养有蹄类动物利用。由于放牧强度的不同，矮嵩草和蕨草群落中植物的大小也不同。结果表明，在高山喜马拉雅地区，Kobresia群落是独特的，放牧似乎是其优势和维持的关键因素。少

We will report here the systematic and ecological studies of the flora of the Gosain Kund area in Langtang Himal, central Nepal.1.Systematic studyIn this research, we collected about 3000 herbarium specimens of Gramineae and Cyperaceae.We identified 55 species of 29 genera in Gramineae and 35 species of seven genera in Cyperaceae.Colpodium tibeticum, Festuca cumminsii and Paspalum dilatatum are the first record in the alpine region of central Nepal.Chromosome numbers of 25 species of Carex, Kobresia and Cyperus were found for the first time in this study.Consecutive chromosome numbers, 2n=50-120, were found in Koresia, showed many cytological races of Kobresia were distributed in alpine region of Himalaya.2.Relationship between gramineous plants and topographical gradientA belt transect was set on one of the scree slope near Gosain Kund.The dominant species on the belt was Kobresia nepalense.The second dominant species was Potentilla contigua, and the third dominant was K.pygmaea.Cyper … More aceae and Gramineae species tend to appear on the middle and upper part of the scree slope which is relatively stable.In the lower part of the slope, which is unstable by rocks from the upper part of the slope, P.pygmaea was dominant.The mean number of the species in the plot was greater in K.nepalense and K.pygmaea dominant area.3.Assessment of grazing effects on grammineous plantsThe Arundinella community was dominant at the upper limit of the forest zone, while the Poa and Festuca communities were dominant above 4000m.Between these zones, the Kobresia communities were dominant, which is characteristic to the alpine Himalaya.These communities were heavily used by domestic ungulates such as sheep, goats, horses and cattle.Plants growing in both the Kobresia and Potentilla communities varied in sizes according to the difference of grazing intensity.It was shown that the Kobresia communities are unique in the alpine Himaraya and that grazing seems to be a key factor for their dominance and miaintenance. Less