Molecular Genetics in Paragonimus westermani Complex in Asia

本文旨在通过对亚洲卫氏并殖吸虫复合体的生物学、遗传变异和物种形成的研究，推断(1)日本卫氏并殖吸虫三倍体的起源和(2)1878年Curbert所描述的卫氏并殖吸虫是什么。1995年从辽宁省东北部中国地区采集的3000余只小龙虾中分离到3,000多个并殖吸虫囊虫。根据囊虫形态和从实验感染的狗和猫身上获得的成虫的形态，它们被鉴定为卫氏并殖吸虫。吸虫为二倍体、三倍体和四倍体类型。中国的三倍体吸虫不仅在寄主专一性上与日本吸虫几乎相同，而且在电泳谱上也是如此。在二倍体吸虫中，中国种群具有多态特征，而日本种群具有单态分布。发现了日本三倍体特有的等位基因，具有较高的f…在二倍体种群中出现频率较高的是中国。因此，东北中国某二倍体种群可能与日本三倍体的祖先有基因导入关系。1995年从印度东北部曼尼普尔采集的239只淡水蟹(Potamiscus ManiPurensis)中分离到97个并殖吸虫囊虫。初步将其分为4个类群：韦氏亚种、邦戈亚型、异型和异型。他们被接种到狗、猫和一只猫身上。实验感染卫氏囊虫病犬的成虫形态与Vevers(1923)对卫氏并殖吸虫的描述一致，但与Curbert(1878)的描述不一致。1996年从泰兰南部采集的300只淡水蟹中分离到约300个并殖吸虫囊虫。它们被分成两组，分别接种于狗、猫和白化大鼠体内。对这些吸虫的进一步研究正在进行中。较少

The present studies are to deduce (1) the origin of the triploids of Paragonimus westermani of Japan and (2) what P.westermani is which was described by Curbert in 1878, in the course of the studies on the biology, genetic variation and speciation inP.westermani Complex in Asia. More than 3,000 Paragonimus metacercariae were isolated from about 3,000 crayfishes, Cambaroides dauricus collected in Liaoning Province of north-eastern China in 1995. They were identified as P.westermani based on metacercarial morphology as well as that of the adults obtained from the experimentally infected dogs and cats. The flukes were proved to be diploid, triploid and tetraploid types. The triploid fluke from China was almost the same as Japanese one not only in host-specificity but also in electrophoretic patterns. In the diploid fluke, Chinese populations were polymorphic in electrophoretic patterns, while Japanese ones were monomorphic. The specific alleles of Japanese triploid were found, with high f … More requency, in the diploid populations in China. Therefore, a certain diploid population of this fluke in north-eastern China seems to be related to the ancestor of Japanese triploid in terms of the gene introgression. Ninety-seven Paragonimus metacercariae were isolated from 239 freshwater crabs, Potamiscus manipurensis collected in Manipur, north-eastern India in 1995. They were provisionally classified into 4 groups : westermani, bangkokensis, heterotremus and excysted types. They were inoculated into dogs, cats and a fellet. The morphology of the adults obtained from experimentally infected dogs with westermani type metacercariae was in good agreement with the description of P.westermani by Vevers (1923), but not Curbert (1878). About 300 Paragonimus metacercariae were isolated from 300 freshwater crabs, Phricotelphusa aedes collected in southern Theiland in 1996. They were classified into 2 groups and inoculated into dogs, cats and albino rats.Further studies on these flukes are now in progress. Less