Structure, Behavior, and Gene Functions of Avian Sex Chromosomes

1997年，也就是3年合作研究的最后一年，H.Macgregor教授组织了一次关于鸟类染色体的分子细胞遗传学的研讨会，于10月1日和2日在英国莱斯特大学举行，大约有20名活跃在这一领域的科学家参加了会议，他们来自日本，英国，俄罗斯、法国和德国，并介绍了他们的最新研究成果。S.Mizuno和共同调查员（A.Ogawa，T.Hori，M.Teranishi和Y.Itoh）提出了以下结果：1）通过从雌性鸡基因组DNA的BAC文库中筛选克隆，在鸡Z和W染色体上进行染色体步移，从位于每条染色体的减数分裂前配对末端附近的基因组克隆开始，通过外显子捕获程序搜索基因，鸡卵母细胞灯刷Z-W二价体荧光原位杂交（FISH）克隆定位; 2）在鸡Z染色体短臂中部发现雄性高甲基化（MHM）区域， ...更多信息 该区域特异性转录成位于细胞核中的异质的、高分子量RANA，3）使用来自与鸡W染色体上的EE 0.6序列相关的性染色体特异性序列的引物通过PCR确定东方白色鹳的性别，和4）如用三个基因组克隆进行的FISH所证明的，隆突和裸胸鹳性染色体对的共同起源; I.Solovei与A.Ogawa和S.Mizuno的联合实验结果表明，鸡W染色体上的Xhol-和EcoRI-家族重复序列在减数分裂前的lampbrush W染色体上形成各自特异的染色粒，并且染色粒的大小根据其重复频率的变化而广泛变化。在研讨会之前，S.Mizuno和合作研究者访问了爱丁堡的罗斯林研究所，与大卫伯特就鸡基因图谱项目进行了交谈。研讨会结束后，他们与I.Solovei在H.Macgregor的实验室进行了联合实验，并证明MHM区域位于鸡的灯刷W染色体上的一对特定环中并在其中转录。少

In 1997, the last year of the 3 years long joint research, Professor H.Macgregor organized a symposium on Molecular Cytogenetics of Avian Chromosomes, which was held on the 1st and 2nd October at the University of Leicester, U.K., where about 20 scientists actively working in this field attended from Japan, U.K., Russia, France and Germany and presented up-to-date results of their research. S.Mizuno and co-investigators (A.Ogawa, T.Hori, M.Teranishi and Y.Itoh) presented following results : 1) chromosome walking on the chicken Z and W chromosomes by screening clones from the BAC library of the female chicken genomic DNA,starting with genomic clones located near the premeiotic pairing ends of each chromosome, search for genes by the exon-trapping procedure, and location of clones by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on the lampbrush Z-W bivalent from a chicken oocyte, 2) male hypermethylated (MHM) region found at the middle of the short arm of the chicken Z chromosome and female … More specific transcription of this region into heterogeneous, high molecular weight RANA localized in nuclei, 3) determination of the gender of Oriental white stork by PCR using primers from the sex chromosome-specific sequences which are related to the EE0.6 sequence on the chicken W chromosome, and 4) a common origin of Carinatae and Ratitae sex chromosome pairs as demonstrated by FISH with three genomic clones ; EE0.6 from W chromosome, ZOV3 and IREBP from Z chromosome of chickens.I.Solovei presented the results of joint experiments with A.Ogawa and S.Mizuno that Xhol- and EcoRI-family repetitive sequences on the chicken W chromosome forms individually specific chromomeres on the premeiotic lampbruch W chromosome and that chromomere sizes vary extensively in accordance with changes of their repetition frequencies. S.Mizuno and co-investigators visited Roslin Institute at Edinburgh before the Symposium to talk with David Burt on the chicken gene mapping project. They conducted joint experiments with I.Solovei at the laboratry of H.Macgregor, after the Symposium, and could demonstrate that the MHM region was located and transcribed in a particular pair of loops on the lampbrush W chromosome of chickens. Less