Basic Research on, Sexuality in Social Anthropology--A Theoretical Study of Fieldwork, Description, and Comparison

该项目的目的是探索社会和文化人类学中可能的性研究理论和方法。根据这一观点，我们研究了以下问题。1.一方面是性行为和性表现之间关系的本质，另一方面是所涉社会的整个社会文化系统。2.关于人类学中性研究的意义、可能性和局限性的理论问题。3.重新分析和解释每个项目研究者收集的数据。我们邀请了灵长类动物学家和女性人类学家参加我们的会议，这些会议对学术成果和热烈的讨论做出了巨大贡献。总之，以下是我们在这个项目中发现的。过去的人类学研究过多地关注性活跃人群，对青少年和老年人的性行为研究过于草率。我们很难发现性与社会组织或文化价值之间存在的那种关系，除非我们把性问题与社会的整个生命周期联系起来进行调查。在社会中，性行为与性别关系密切相关。这就是为什么婚姻中的性行为常常会影响到丈夫和妻子所选择的计划生育方式。有些社会的性研究对人类学家来说相对容易，而另一些社会则对这些人类学家提出了各种各样的障碍。这种差异源于与社会和宗教制度密切相关的性意识形态和性别关系。

The objective of the proposed project was to explore the probable theories and methods of sexuality research in social and cultural anthropology. With this view we examined the following issues. 1.The nature of relationships between sexual behavior and sexual representations on the one hand and the total socio-cultural system of the society in question. 2.Theoretical issues concerning meanings, possibility, and limitations of sexuality research in anthropology. 3.Re-analysis and re-interpretation of the data that have been collected by each investigator of the project.We invited primatologists and female anthropologists to our meetings, which contributed greatly to academically productive, lively discussions. In summary, the following were what we have found out in the project.1.The past anthropological studies have paid disproportionate attention to sexually active people and have taken a cursory view of sexual behavior of juveniles and elderly people. It is difficult to discover the kind of relationships existing between sexuality and social organization or cultural values unless we investigate into sexual matters in connection with the whole life cycle of the society.2.Sexual behavior is closely related to gender relationships in the society. This is why the marital sexual behavior quite often influences the type of family planning method chosen by the husband and wife.3.There are societies where sexuality research is relatively easy for anthropologists while other societies present a variety of obstacles to such anthropologists. This difference derives from the sexual ideology and gender relationships that are closely united with the social and religious systems of the society.