DECENTRALIZATION OF INFRASTRUCTURE PLANING PROCESS

传统的基础设施规划过程已经隐含地假设了一个拥有完美信息的公共机构作为规划者。然而，在现实中，私营部门和公共机构在几个区域一级制定基础设施发展计划。他们有不同的信息和不同的政治目的。因此，我们必须建立一种新的规划理论来支持规划过程中的多元参与者，使他们能够有效地合作。考虑到分散处理系统中参与者的来源，一般来说，系统可以分为两种不同的类型：分布式规划过程和合作规划过程。前者是一个系统，其中最初由中央规划行为者执行的规划工作被分配到几个地方bolies，以提高整体系统的效率（管理的角度来看），而后者系统是从地方行为者之间的双边合作中成长起来的，他们有自己的权利来决定自己的计划。在两个系统中， ...更多信息 因此，合作过程需要每个地方机构的规划能力。地方机构之间的信息互动似乎是有效管理这些系统的关键。本研究讨论了水库当地管理者之间相互作用的信息交换的数学结构。在发生大地震等灾害时，公共机构中的分层结构中的信息交换变得困难，然后分散管理和处理被广泛发现。该研究总结了1月坂神淡路地震后这种分散管理的公共服务的共同特点，1995年的研究表明，区域分散和并行处理节省了串行顺序过程的决策时间。并行数据处理方案可以用来分析这种系统的性能的有效性。我们现在正在进入基础设施规划的第二阶段;从民用最低限度的基础设施的生活存在的选择性基础设施，为更高的生活质量。这种基础设施需要软件和硬件。在软件规划中，公共部门没有足够的信息、想法或知识。私人行为者和用户被期望作为这种软件的积极规划者。在这种情况下，需要讨论私人目标与公共目标之间的冲突。分析了城市开发项目中土地所有者之间的冲突，并运用博弈论的方法探讨了冲突的解决方法。少

Orthodox infrastructure planning process has implicitly assumed an public body with perfect information as a planner. In the reality, however, private sectors as well as public bodies on several regional levels build plans of infrastructure development. They have different information and different political aims. We must build a new planning theory to support plural actors in planning process, enabling them to corporate effectively.Considering the origin of actors in decentralized processing systems, in general, systems can be classified into two different categories ; Distributed Planning Process and Cooperative Planning Process. The former is a system where planning works originally executed by the central planning actor are distributed on several local bolies, in order to increase the total system efficiency (management point of view), while the latter system are grown from bilateral cooperations between local actors having their own rights to decide plans by themselves. In both sy … More stems, the corporative process requeres planning abilities in each local bodies. Information interactions between local bodies seems key point in order to manage such systems effectively. This study discussed mathematical structures about such information exchages between local managers of water reservoirs interacting each other.In case of disasters, e.g.large earthquakes, information exchange in hierarchical structures in public bodies become difficult, then decentralized management and processing are widely seen. The study summarized the common characteristics of such decentralized management of public service after Hanshin Awaji Earthquake in Jan., 1995, and shown that regional decentralization and parallel processing saved time of decision making in ordinal process in series. Parallel data processing scheme can be used to analyze effectiveness of performance of such systems.We are now entering a second stage of infrastructure planning ; from civil-minimum infrastructures for existence of life to selective infrastructures for higher quality of life.. Such infrastructure requires software as well as hardware. In software planning, public sector has not sufficient information, idea or knowledge. Private actors and users are expected as positive planner of such software. In such case, discussions on conflicts between private aims and public one are required. We analyzed conflicts between landowners in urban development projects and discussed conflict resolution methods using game theory. Less