Development of Planning Support System for Emergent Water Distribution in Medium Size Cities

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In case of break down of water supply system by earthquake, use of ground water for drinking and utilities strongly helps emergent water distribution work, especially in the medium-size cities where huge investment for earth-quake proof water pipe line is not affordable. Ground water, however, can be contaminated by the break of sewage system, and its quality must be checked before use for drinking. In this study, we have studied two points concerning on emergent water supply: Ground water quality simulation system to increase the usability of it as drinking water, and water distribiition planning system.For the first viewpoints, this study proposes a procedure to select small number of test wells in order to diagnose the ground water quality of other wells in the region economically, based on the correlation among the wells. The procedure simulates transfer of contamination under every possible destruction pattern and evaluates expected water distnbution cost for the people around the risky wells.For the second purpose, we formulate the emergent water supply problem as a compound problem of a facility location problem to determine water supplying points, and a vehicle routing problem. The former is a problem. The former is a problem minimizes the number of supplying water points with the condition of covering of all residence places within the limit distance for water carrying. The latter is a problem which makes minimizes the total vehicle distance to distribute water to all water supplying points detemined above the facility location problem. Using heuristic methods, a calculation procedure to propose efficient water supply work in an emergency is established We apply this procedure to the Saijo area in Higashi-Hiroshima City. The influence of the destructions of water storages and bridges on the water supply work is calculated, and the effects of the pre-disaster earthquake-proof countermeasures for these facilities are analyzed.