Historical comparative studies on the utilization of village forest (satoyama) between Japan and Southeast Asian countries

本研究的目的是从经济学、社会学和历史学的角度对日本和东南亚国家的社会经济结构进行比较研究。前者在其现代化进程中形成了先进的森林利用与保护，而后者则因村落森林的利用而带来了森林的破坏。(1)明确了《林赛·哈萨修》的背景、作者、内容和意义，这是18世纪初各主要部分所撰写的琉球王国森林手册。(2)人工林经营是现代村落森林利用的形式之一。从封闭型经济和开放型经济的发展历程出发，考察了现代森林经营特别是人工林经营的历史条件和局限性。(3)Commons…莫尔(Iriai Rinya)曾在前现代时期将村庄森林置于中心部分，从而分析了公地的消解过程。(4)20世纪60年代以来，北上山区持续发展着退耕农业，通过对农民的直接调查，揭示了退耕农业的发展道路和衰落趋势。(5)从社会林业的推广政策和村镇森林未得到充分利用的现状出发，探讨了社会林业的问题和发展方向。(6)20世纪80年代末以来，泰国经济呈现高速增长态势，农村和农业状况迅速变化，农田植树造林备受关注。从农户林木所有者、木材市场和苗木生产者三个角度考察了日本植树造林的现状，认为目前日本与东南亚国家的差异是其发展历史阶段的结构性差异。这些结构受制于土地保有权制度的现代化，乡村森林的农业利用或能源利用，以及现代木材产业和市场的形成。较少

The purpose of this study is to make a comparative study of the Japanese socio-economic structure with those of Southeast Asian countries from points of views of economics, sociology and history. The former had formed her advanced forest utilization and conservation in her process of modernization, and the latter had brought forest destruction as a consequence of the utilization of village forest (Satoyama).Approaching this issue, we analyzed and considered following points. (1) The background, the author, contets and the significance of "Rinsei Hassho" was made clear, which was a forest manual of Ryukyuu Kingdom those main parts had written in the early 18th century. (2) Management of man-made forest is one of the forms of the utilization of village forest in the modern era. From a viewpoint of the progress of closed economy and open economy, the historical condition and those limitations of forest management, especially on man-made forest in the modern era, were examined. (3) Commons … More (iriai rinya) once placed a central part of village forest in pre-modern times, thus the process of dissolution of commons was analyzed. (4) Swidden agriculture had practiced continuously in the 1960s in the mountainous region of Kitakami, the way of it and its decline was revealed from the direct survey for farmers. (5) The problem of social forestry and its direction were examined from the spreading policy of social forestry and the situation of village forest under utilized by regional people. (6) Thai economy had shown a high growth rate from the late of 1980s and the state of village and agriculture had changed rapidly, and the tree plantation on farmland attracted considerable attention. The present situation of tree plantation was investigate from three points of views as farm household forests owner, timver market and seedling producer.From these analyzes, it is defined that differences between Japan and Southeast Asian countries under the present conditions are structural one of the historical stage of development. And those structures were subject to the modernization of land tenure system, the utilization of village forest for agriculture or energy use, and the formation of modern timber industry and market. Less