BEHAVIOR OF FLUORINE CONTAINED SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS IN NATURAL WATERS

采用气相色谱仪（ECD） （HP-5890 II）和离子色谱仪（Dionex DX-AQ）建立了水中全氟辛酸（PFOA）的分析方法。PFOA在天然水体中的行为：1)测定了30℃条件下，天然水体中PFOA在好氧和厌氧条件下的生物降解率。大约50天后，在两种条件下都没有观察到PFOA的降解。2)测定了水体对蒙脱石、人工土壤和苏瓦湖沉积物对PFOA的吸收。从本实验的结果来看，PFOA的吸收似乎并不是对固相的吸附，而只是在固相和水之间的分配。有机碳不是PFOA从水到固相吸收的关键。生态毒性试验：在国家环境研究所进行了魔芋草、大水蚤、米草和临时压草对全氟辛酸的生态毒性试验。PFOA对这些水生生物的毒性低于Irgasan（2,4,4'-三氯-2'-羟基二苯醚），后者是进口的，广泛用作消毒剂，并在污水处理厂的流出物中测定。在此基础上，我们提出了对化学品的毒性和风险向公民全面披露和警告以及政府对化学品进行监管的必要性。

Analytical methods of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in waters were developed using by gaschromatograph (ECD) (HP-5890 II) and ionchromatograph (Dionex DX-AQ).Behavior of PFOA in natural waters :1) Biodegradation rates of PFOA in aerobic and anaerobic natural waters at 30ﾟC were determined. After about fifty days no degradation of PFOA was observed in both conditions.2) Uptakes of PFOA from waters to montmorillonite, artificial soil and Suwa-lake sediments were determined. As the results of this expriments, the uptake is not seemed to be adsorption to the solid phase, and only partitioning of PFOA between solid phase and water. Organic carbon is not the key of the uptake of PFOA from water to solid phase.Ecotoxicity tests : Ecotoxicity tests of PFOA by Selenastrum capricornutum, Daphnia magna, Oryzias latipes and Paratya compressa improvisa were carried out at the National Institute for Environmental Studies. The toxicities of PFOA for these aquatic organisms are less than Irgasan (2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy-diphenyl ether), which is imported, widely used as a disinfectant, and determined in the effluents of sewage treatment plants.As a result of this study, we propose the necessity of the complete disclosure and warning about the toxicities and risks of chemicals to citizen as well as the regulation of chemicals by the Goverment.