ANALYSIS OF OCCURRENCE OF TURFGRASS DISEASES AND ESTABLISHMENT OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

本研究的目的是分析草坪草病害的发生情况，建立草坪草病虫害综合治理体系。准确的病原菌鉴定对于草坪病害的初步诊断和保护草坪草免受危害是必不可少的。通过对草坪的仔细观察和病原微生物的DNA分析，发现了5种新病害及其病原菌。应用分离技术分析了草坪重病病原菌种群的季节消长规律。此外，利用图像分析软件开发了一种新颖的、计算机化的评估系统，用于评估草坪草病害的严重程度。这些结果有助于选择合适的农药和确定合适的喷药时间。对几个高尔夫球场向外溪流和河流释放商业杀虫剂的调查显示，一些化学物质很容易从…中释放出来更多的高尔夫球场在应用后通过地下土壤水。为了最大限度地减少高尔夫球的农药释放量，人们尝试了低浓度喷雾和低喷药量的方法来控制各种病害。结果表明，所有供试杀菌剂均以较低浓度和喷洒体积施药，对几种严重病害的防治效果显著。因此，在病害发生的初期，以较少的水量适当地现场应用低浓度的杀菌剂，有效地减少了草坪管理中杀菌剂的使用，并最大限度地减少了高尔夫球场的农药释放。此外，在草坪上应用几种促进植物生长的真菌和我的根际真菌，或用植物激素和肥料的平衡混合处理草坪草，可促进草坪草的生长，从而显著减少病害的发生。此外，一些商品化的拮抗微生物复合体被证明对斑点病和褐斑病有很好的防治效果。利用这些基础研究成果，大大提高了草坪病虫害综合治理计算机软件程序的准确性。这个计算机程序现在在这个国家大约600个高尔夫球场上使用。较少

The purposes of this research were analysis of occurrence of turfgrass diseases and establishment of integrated pest management system for turfgrasses. Accurate identification of causal pathogens is esseantial for initial diagnosis of diseases and protection of turfgrasses from damages by the diseases. The careful observation of turf and the subsequent DNA analyzes of pathogenic microbes revealed 5 new diseases and their causal pathogens. Seasonal fluctuation concerning population of pathogens causing serious diseases in turfg was analyzed by applying the isolation techniques. Furthermore, a novel, computerized evaluation system to assess the severity of furfgrass diseases was developed by using an image analysis soft program. These results contribute to selection of adequate pesticides and decision of proper times of pesticide spray. Survey on release of commercial pesticides from several golf courses into outside streams and rivers revealed that some chemicals were readily released f … More rom golf courses through ground soil water after application. To minimize the amount of pesticides released from golf couses, low concentrative spray application and low spray volume of fungicides were attempted to control various diseases. Results indicated that application of lower concentrations and spray volumes of all test fungicides gave conspicuous effects to control several serious diseases. Thus, an adequate spot application of low cocentration of fungicides with a less amount of water in initial stages of disease occurrence effectively reduces the usage of fungicides for turfgrass management and mimimizes release of the pesticides from golf courses. Furthermore, application of several plan-growth-promoting fungi and my corrhizal fungi into turf ground or treatment of turfgrasses with the balanced mixtures of plant hormones and fertilizers promoted groeth of turfgrasses, resulting in remakable reduction of disease occurrence. In addition, some commercially available antagonistic microbe complexes were proved to have great effects control dollar-spot and brown patch diseases. Using these basic research results, accuracy of the computer soft program for the integrated pest management of turf was improved tremendously. This computer program is now used in approximately 600 golf courses in this country. Less