Establishment of mass acquisition methods of cutinand its hydrolyzed products from coniferous leaves, and trials on their higher utilization methods

本研究旨在建立占针叶树种总量约50%的树叶和树枝的有效利用方法。尤其是雪松和柏叶细胞角质被认为是有效利用的目标化合物。本研究最后一年的研究结果如下：1)建立了角质总量的定量分析方法，测定了日本主要针叶树叶角质的含量。2)对日本主要针叶角质碱解后的单体及其含量进行了测定。3)从取样季节、叶龄、叶轴和树枝的混合等方面对角质的碱解产物进行了定量分析，这些结果为研究人员安全地进行角质的开发提供了依据。4)为了大量提取角质及其水解物，研究了一些处理方法。(1)STEAM-EX…多次爆裂处理是获得角质蛋白单体的好方法。(2)对纤维素酶和/或果胶酶处理的效果进行了考察，但存在经济上的问题。(3)对丙二醇法的考察表明，丙二醇法是一种去除木质素后角质和纤维素大量获得的处理方法。(4)在有微量H_2SO_4存在的情况下，聚乙二醇水溶液处理除角质外的主要叶组分，即角质以不溶物质的形式浓缩。溶解后的主要叶组分可用于泡沫塑料的制备。(5)除角质外，对甲酚-H_2SO_4处理还能促进木质素的利用。(6)用H_2SO_4和三氟乙酸对以上处理得到的材料进行脱胶处理，对角质的提纯效果更好。5)为凝胶材料的开发提供了有关10，16-二羟基十六酸凝胶的基本知识。较少

The present work was carried out in order to establish the effective utilization methods of leaf and twigs which account for about 50 % of the whole coniferous tree. Especially, cutin of Japanese cedar and cypress leaf cells was noted as the target compound for the effective utilization. The results on the last year of this research are as follows.1) The quantitative analysis method for total cutin was established and cutin amounts of main Japanese coniferous tree leaves were determined.2) Monomers and their quantities were determined after alkaline hydrolysis of cutin from main Japanese coniferous tree leaves.3) Quantitative analysis of alkaline hydrolysis products of cutin was undertaken with regard to samapling season, leaf age, mixing of leaf, rachis and twig, and so on, and these results assured the researchers for safety in carring out the development.4) For the purpose of mass aquisition of cutin and its hydrolized compounds, some treatment methods were studied. (1) The steam-ex … More plosion treatment was good method forobtaining of cutin monomers. (2) The effect of enzyme treatment with cellulase and/or pectinase was examined, though there was the economic problem. (3) The examination on propyleneglycol treatment was revealed that this treatment was usuful on the mass aquisition of cutin together with cellulose, after removal of lignin. (4) The treatment with polyethyleneglycol in the presence of a trace of H_2SO_4 solubilied main leaf components except cutin, that is, cutin was concentrated as insoluble materials. The solubilized main leaf components could be adapted the preparation of foamed plastic. (5) The treatments with p-cresol-H_2SO_4 enabled the utilization of lignin, in addition to concentration of cutin. (6) Removal treatments with H_2SO_4 and trifluoroacetic acid against the materials obtained from the above treatments were more effective on the purification of cutin.5) The basic knowledges on the gelation of 10,16-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid was obtained for the development of gelling materials. Less