Developing High Precision Versatile Camera Systems by Multi-Image Integration

通过系统地改变相机参数（如光圈、对焦、快门速度、观察方向等）来整合多幅图像，使我们能够提取出从单个图像中无法或难以获得的可靠的科学信息。在这项研究中，我们基于这个想法开发了高精度的多功能摄像系统。研究结果可以总结为：1。研制了一种可精确调节光圈、焦距和变焦的计算机控制镜头系统。使用该镜头系统，可以获得多光圈、多焦距、多变焦图像。从多虹膜图像中提取高精度颜色信息和从多聚焦图像中提取三维距离数据的算法开发。3 .通过对商用3CCD摄像机的改造，研制了一种多焦摄像机，使用该摄像机可以获得三幅不同焦距值的视频图像。开发了一种从多焦相机拍摄的三张散焦图像中测量三维深度数据的算法。在多焦点相机中引入编码光圈，使我们能够测量纹理表面的3D深度，并恢复在其视野中完全聚焦的图像。一种固定视点泛倾斜摄像机系统的研制，该系统的投影中心不受摄像机旋转的影响。开发多功能快速算法，使用上述相机生成各种类型的全方位全景图像。

Integration of multiple images taken by systematically varying a camera parameter (e.g.iris, focus, shutter speed, view direction and so on) allows us to extract the reliable scence information which cannot or hardly be obtained from a single image. In this study, we developer high precision versatile camera systems based on this idea. The results of the study can be summarized as follow :1.Development of a computer controlable lens system whose iris, focus, and zoom can be accurately modified. With this lens system, we can obtain multi-iris, multi-focus, and multi-zoom images.2.Development of algorithms to extract high precision color information from multi-iris images and 3D range data from multi-focus images.3.Development of a multi-focus camera by modifying a commercial 3CCD video camera, Using this camera, three images taken with different focus values can be obtained at video rate.4.Development of an algorithm to measure 3D depth data from three defocused images taken by the multi-focus camera.5.Introduction of a coded apperture into the multi-focus camera, which allows us to measure 3D depth of textured surfaces and to recover an image completely focused over its visual field.6.Development of a fixed viewpoint pan-tilt camera system, whose projaction center is kept fixed against camera rotations.7.Development of versatile and fast algorithums to generate various types of ominidirectional panoramic images using the above camera.