Development of lidar systems for measuring basic meteorological parameters to analyze dynamical properties of the atmospheric environment

近年来，各种大气环境问题层出不穷，需要一些新型的遥感传感器来实时分析大气的多种物理参数。研究目的是研制一套激光雷达系统，用于遥测大气的风速、温度和湿度三个基本参数，并实现对大气动力特性的传感方法。主要研究成果如下：1)针对风的测量，提出了一种新型的激光雷达差动识别方案，并以马赫-真德和法布里-珀罗标准具为高光谱滤光片，研制了激光雷达系统，进行了实验验证。在3公里范围内，速度分辨率小于1m/S。2)在温度测量方面，详细分析了瑞利散射激光雷达方案。紫外激光雷达是使用法布里-珀罗标准具设计的，并进行了测试。在5公里的大气范围内，分辨率约为10K。3)利用振动喇曼散射法对水汽进行了测量，得到了高达3公里的绝对湿度。4)研制了用于实际激光雷达的紧凑型激光二极管泵浦固体激光器和可调谐光学参量振荡器的设计原理和系统，验证了采用紫外激光的高光谱分辨率激光雷达系统能够同时测量三个关键气象参数。

In recent years, various atmospheric environmnental issues have appeared and some new remote sensors are needed for analyzing in real-time multiple physical parameters of the atmosphere. The purpose of the research is to develop a lidar (laser radar) system for measuring remotely three basic atmospheric parameters, wind velocity, temperature and humidity and to realize as sensing method of dynamical properties of the atmosphere.The main results are as follows ; 1) For the wind measurement, a new type of differential discrimination scheme of the Doppelr lidar was proposed and experimentally tested by developing a lidar system using a Mach-Zhender and a Fabry-Perot etalon as the high spectral resolution filter. The velocity resolution was less than 1 m/s up to 3 km range. 2) For the temperature measurement, the Rayleigh scattering lidar scheme was analyzed in detail. The UV lidar was designed using a Fabry-Perot etalon and tested. The resolution was about 10 K at 5 km range in the atmosphere. 3) Water vapor was measured based on the vibrational Raman scattering scheme and absolute humidity was obtained up to 3 km height. 4) Design principle and the systems of compact laser-diode pumped solid-state lasers and tunable optical parametric oscillators were developed for the use in practical lidars.From these results, it was verified that three key meteorological parameters are measured simultaneously by the high-spectral resolution lidar system using an UV laser.