A study of chinese words and usages found in Dharmaraksa's translations

在详细考察了达马拉克萨于公元286年翻译的《再本发不经》中的每一个单词和用法后，我借鉴了汉语词典如《汉语堂看台》和《大看外记》等词典，选择了大约四个单词和用法，并将它们汇编成了一本词典，名为《法不阿经》HOUKAKEIZITENN，即《莲花经4典》。它们主要由群体组成，即(1)其他词典中没有的单词、用法和中世纪白话；(2)词典中的单词和用法，尽管可能不比Dharmaraksa的翻译更早；(3)佛教专业术语；(4)音译。这本词典与其他中文译本(主要是赫克恩和B·南焦的版本和几个中亚手稿)中的作品进行了校对。本词典与其他中文词典和索引的不同之处在于：(1)所有词汇都取自一篇文章；(2)只由一个人编纂；(3)单词或短语按拼音顺序排列；(4)为避免歧义，它们用英语定义；(5)尽可能多地列举例句；(6)列出梵文和其他中文译本中的对应词语。这些例句是目前编纂者新加的标点符号，因此读者可能会发现他对每一句的解释更容易理解。尽管《增发不经》的杂乱无章的风格使其至今仍未被研究，但S希望随着这部词典的出现，现在阅读起来将不那么困难。我希望进一步制定一个详细的词汇表，为每一部汉语佛经列出和定义中古白话作品和用法、语义特点、佛教专业术语、音译等，最终目的是编纂一部汉语词典。

After examining in great detail every single word and usage found in the Zbengfabuajing SEIHOUKAKEI,which was translated by Dharmaraksa in 286 A.D., with the heop of such Chinese dictionaries as the Hanyudacidian KANNGODAIZITENN,and the Daikanwajiten DAIKANNWAJITENN,I have selected around four thosand words and usages and compiled them into a dictionary, titled Fabuajing cidian HOUKAKEIZITENN,or 4 Dictionary of the Lotus Sutra. They consist largely of for groups, namely, (1) words, usages and mediaeval vernacularisms which are not found in other dictionaries ; (2) words and usages, which are found in dictionaries, though probably not older than Dharmaraksa's translation ; (3) Buddhist technical terms ; (4) transliterations. Esch item is collated with works found in other Chinese translations of the Lotus Sutra and Sanskrit versions (mainly H.Kern and B.Nanjio's editio princeps and several Central Asian manuscripts).This dictionary is different from other Chinese ones and indices in the following ways : -(1) All the vocablary is taken from a single text ; (2) is compiled by only one person ; (3) words or phrases are arranged in Pinyin order ; (4) they are defined in English in order to avoid ambiguity ; (5) as many example sentences as possible are given ; (6) corresponding words, found in Sanskrit and other Chinese versions, are shown.These example sentences are newly punctuated by the present compiler and therefore readers may find his interpretation of each sentence more understandable, and though the Zbengfabuajing's crabbed style has left it nstudied up to now, it s hoped that now it will be less difficult to read with the appearance of this dictionary.I with to further make a detailed glossary, which will hopefully list and define mediaeval vernacular works and usageds, semantic peculiarities, Buddhist technical terms, transliterations etc. , for each Chinese Buddhist scripture, finally aiming at a compilation of Bddist Chineses dictionary.