A Comparative study on sound expression, sound perception and aesthetic consciousness among the peoples in Central Borneo

为了实现建议书中所示的目标，进行了计算机辅助数据处理。这里处理的数据可以分为三类。第一种是本人直接通过1983年至1996年进行的实地调查获得的口头资料（录音和/或书面记录）。第二类包括录音、静态照片、录像材料，以及从实地获得的一些书面或印刷材料，尽管数量很少。第三，有许多关于该地区的文章和书籍，大多数是欧洲人早在19世纪80年代末就写的。由于最近个人计算机的高性能，大部分有关数据都已数字化。根据这些资料进行分析和解释，得出以下结论：（1）本南帮（或称阿普特）与普南班纳鲁是同一个团体。(2)直到世纪中期，这些本南人（普南人）才停止相互联系。(3)这些本南人（Punan）与Kenyah Badeng人和Kenyah Umaq Pawa人有着长期的密切接触。(4)这些本南族群的声音表达、声音感知和审美意识有着惊人的相似性。(5)在上述各点上有相当大的差异（4）。虽然在表演实践和音乐形式方面有一些普遍的相似之处，但有关的肯亚人和本南人团体之间存在着一些共同点。(6)据推测，本南音乐传统是通过基于运动感觉的声音和审美意识的一致性来维持的。

In order to achieve the objectives shown in the proposal, computer-aided data processing has undertaken. The data dealt here could be divided into three categories. The first is verbal information obtained by myself directly through field researches conducted from 1983 to 1996 (tape-recorded and/or written down). The second category consists of sound recordings, still photos, videotaped materials, and, though very few, some written or printed materials obtained from the field. Thirdly, there are many articles and books concerning the area, mostly by the Europeans as early as late 1880s. By virtue of the recent high performance of personal computers, most of the data concerned were digitalized. Analysis and intepretation based on these data resulted the following :(1) The Penan Gang (or Aput) and Punan Benalui are the same group.(2) These Penan (Punan) people stopped contacting each other since as late as the middle of the 19th century.(3) These Penan (Punan) people have had close contact with the Kenyah Badeng and the Kenyah Umaq Pawa for a long time.(4) Sound expression, sound perception and aesthetic consciousness among these Penan groups are strikingly the same.(5) There are considerable differences on all points of above (4.) between the Kenyah concerned and the Penan groups, though there are some general similarities on the aspects of performing practice and musical form.(6) The Penan musical tradition has been, presumably, maintained through the consistent sense of sound and aesthetic consciousness based on their kinaesthetic (motor) sense.