A Study on Bunjin Literature in the Middle of the Edo Era

在1997财政年度，即本研究项目三年的最后一年，研究了与该时期三位文人作家的文学理论有关的材料，他们是图贺泰正、武部绫和上田秋成。同时，对前两年的调查进行了补充，额外收集了他们的学习、艺术和社交方面的数据。因此，获得了以下信息，这些信息以“研究成果报告”的形式排列，连同Akinari的工作按时间顺序排列，Akinari是三位学者中最典型的。这三位作家都从事诗歌和散文写作。在这两种体裁中，我们可以从他们的作品中提取出他们的诗歌理论，包括俳句、和诗、和诗。相反，在散文上则不可能做到同样的事情，除了秋成的创造性写作的寓言观点。除了文学理论主要围绕诗歌发展的历史背景之外，我们还看到他们的意识是在工作中把诗歌看得比小说更重要。虽然他们三人致力于不同类型的诗歌，但他们都表现出对庸俗和高尚文学的兴趣。然而，在明显的本津人超然态度的影响下，他们最终将后者（kanshi、kata-uta、waka）看得高于前者（haikai、kyoshi）。他们三人能够发展出新鲜而灵活的文学理论，因为他们都是文人，他们从事文学工作是他们多种活动中的一种。Akinari的小说寓言理论和waka的本质理论，以及Ayatari的kata-uta理论，只有在这种意识的力量下才能成为可能，因为bunjins相信自己是多才多艺的。

During fiscal 1997, that constitutes the last of the three years of this study project, research was made on the materials pertaining to the literary theory of three bunjin writers of the period, to wit, Teisho Tuga, Ayatari Takebe and Akinari Ueda. At the same time, survey of the previous two years was supplemented by an additional collection of the data on their learning, atrt and social intercourse. As a result, the following peices of information have been obtained, that are arranged in the form of 'Report of Research Results', together with a chronological list of work of Akinari, the most typical bunjin of the three.1. The three writers were all engaged both in verse and prose (yomihon). Of these two genres, we can extract from their writings their theory on verse, including haikai, kata-uta and waka. On the contrary, it is impossible to do the same on prose, with the exception of Akinari's allegorical view of creative writing. Besides the historical background in which literary theory had evolved chiefly around verse, we see their consciousness as bunjins at work that valued poetry more than novels.2. Although the three devoted themselves to different kinds of verse, they all exhibited interest both in vulgar and noble literature. Nevertheless, they eventually esteemed the latter (kanshi, kata-uta, waka) above the former (haikai, kyoshi) under the apparent influence of detached attitude characteristic of bunjins.3. The three could develop fresh and flexible theory of literature because they were bunjins and as such engaged in literature by way of one of their multiple activities. Akinari's allegorical theory of novels and essential theory of waka, as well as Ayatari's theory of kata-uta, were only possible on the strength of this consciousness as bunjins who believed in being versatile.