Design and Manufacture of Membranes Separating, Concentrating and Recovering Toxic Organic Compounds from the Environment

1995年，利用乙烯/甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物，通过等离子体接枝填充聚合将其填充到多孔高密度聚乙烯衬底中，成功制备了膜。当改变共聚物的组成时，聚合物与各种溶剂的相互作用会发生变化，并且这种变化可以用统一面fv方法定量预测。这一结果表明，有可能预测一个合适的聚合物组成，它对一个特定的有机化合物具有最大的溶解度被去除。对于这类膜的实际应用来说，用中空纤维为宜。以多孔聚乙烯中空纤维为基材，利用甲基丙烯酸酯/丙烯酰胺共聚物制备中空纤维型膜是可能的。中空纤维基材的机械强度比扁平纤维基材弱，但采用共聚法制备高选择性膜是可能的。1996财政年度，设计了能够去除空气中挥发性有机化合物（VOC）的膜。对于这样的设计，有必要在不使用任何实验参数的情况下预测VOC的溶解度、扩散率和渗透率。选取汽油中含有的AS VOC苯。利用uniface - fv理论，可以预测苯在各种聚合物中的溶解度。用自由体积理论也可以预测苯在各种聚合物中的扩散率。对底物抗苯溶胀效果的理论预测。利用上述考虑，可以预测苯通过各种聚合物的渗透性。最后，用丁酸酯填充的膜对苯/氮体系的分离系数为200。

In the fiscal 1995, membranes were successfully manufactured using stirene/methylacrylate copolymer, which was filled into porous high density polyethylene substrate by the plasma-graft filling polymerization. When changing the composition of the copolymerization, interaction of the polymer and various solvents can be changed and it was shown that this change could be predicted quantitatively by using the unifac-FV method. This result show that it is possible to predict an appropriate polymer composition, which has the largest solubility for a particular organic compound to be removed.For a practical application of this type of membrane, it is more appropriate to use in a hollow fiber for. An porous polyethylene hollow fiber was used as a substrate, it was possible to manufacture hollow fiber type membranes using methylacrylate/acrylamide copolymer. A mechanical strength of the hollow fiber substrate was weaker than the flat ones, but by adopting the copolymerization it was possible to manufacture high selectivity membranes.In the fiscal 1996, membranes, which could remove volatile organic compounds (VOC) from air were designed. For such designs it was necessary to predict solubility, diffusivity and permeability of VOC without using any parameter determined by experiment. AS VOC benzene was selected, which was contained in gasoline. Using the Unifac-FV theory it was possible to predict solubility of benzene into various polymers. Also it was possible to predict diffusivity of benzene in various polymers using the Free-Volume theory. A theoretical prediction of the effect of the substrate, which is effective against swelling by benzene. Using the above considerations it was possible to predict permeability of benzene through various polymers. Finally a membrane filled with butylacrylate showed a separation factor of 200 for benzene/nitrogen system.