Construction of a fine chromosomal map for soybean maturity genes with RAPD markers

大豆是一种重要的适应性很强的农作物，在世界各地都有种植。开花和成熟习性的遗传多样性为它提供了广泛的适应性。大豆是著名的光敏植物，它的开花是由短日照诱导的。然而，对长日照不敏感是大豆植物适应高纬度环境的重要特征之一。在这项研究中，我研究了原产于北海道的大豆地方品种对长日照不敏感的遗传基础。遗传分析提供的结果是，日长不敏感不仅受先前报道的两个基因e3和e4控制，还受一个或两个新基因控制，命名为e6和e7。E6和E7基因抑制或抵消了E4诱导对长日照不敏感的作用。我还研究了6个不同成熟度基因附近染色体区域的DNA多态性，通过比较这些基因的近等基因系之间的RAPD。我检测到两个RAPD，每个都是E5和E4或E7所独有的。这些随机扩增多态性DNA标记可用于评价成熟基因间的等位基因和互作。

Soybean is one of important crops with a high adaptability that are cultivated in various regions of world. Its wide adaptability is offered by a genetic diversity for flowering and maturing habits. The soybean is famous as a photosensitive plant whose flowering is induced by a short day. However, the insensitivity to long daylengths is one of important characteristics for the adaptation of soybean plants to high-latitudinalenvironments. In this research I studied the genetic basis of long daylength insensitivity of soybean landraces native to Hokkaido. The genetic analysis provide a result that the daylength insensitivity is controlled not only by two previously reported genes, e3 and e4, but one or two new genes designated e6 and e7. The e6 and e7 genes suppress or counteract the action of E4 to induce the insensitivity to long daylength. I also studied DNA polymorphism in chromosomal regions close to 6 different maturity genes, by comparing RAPDs between near-isogenic lines for these genes. I detected two RAPDs, each unique to E5 and E4 or E7. These RAPD markers are useful to evaluate allelism and interaction between maturity genes.