Dynamic Process of Upland Farming : Data File Composition and Analysis in 1965-1995

本文的目的是重新审视大规模农区旱作农业的调整过程。旱地农业的调整过程可分为两类：存量调整和流量调整。存量调整是指通过买卖市场对生产要素进行调整，流量调整是通过租赁市场对生产要素进行调整。实际的农业调整是两种调整相互补充的过程。为了检验这一假设，我们整理了35年来每户旱地作物经营结构和产量的数据文件。结果如下：在经济高速增长时期，由于大量农民逃离农业部门，供给耕地，耕地存量调整积极进行。然而，这种调整在前期是由雇佣劳动力的流量调整和农业机械的合作使用来支持的，在后期是由农业机械的库存调整来支持的。要素禀赋条件较好、劳动生产率较高的农户在这一过程中积极扩大了经营规模。在经济低增长时期，耕地租赁市场和农机个人占有市场的发展，而不是耕地存量调整，从而成为一个停滞的市场。近年来，种植蔬菜不仅在小规模农场，而且在中大型农场都有明显的扩散趋势，农场规模分布也在以更快的速度扩大。与此同时，旱地作物的栽培技术也在不断分化。为了更有效地利用充足的农业机械和较少的劳动力，必须在新形势下调整库存和流量之间的互补关系。

The purpose of this paper is to reexamine the adjustment process of upland farming in the large scale farming area. The adjustment process of upland farming would be composed of the two types : stock adjustment and flow adjustment. The stock adjustment means that the production factors are adjusted through selling and buying markets, while the flow adjustment through rental markets. The actual agricultural adjustment is the mutual and complimentary process of the two types of adjustment. To examine this hypothesis, the data files on the management structure and yield of upland crops of each farm household in these 35years were compiled. The results are as follows.In the period of high economic growth, the stock adjustment of farmland had actively been done due to the supply of farmland by the farmers who flew out of farming sectors. However, such adjustment in the former part of the period was supported by the flow adjustment of hired labor and cooperative use of agricultural machines, in the later period, by the stock adjustment of the agricultural machines. the farmers who had the favorable conditions on factor endowment and high labor productivity positively enlarged their farm scale in those process. In the period of low economic growth, the rental market of farmland and the individual possession of the agricultural machines developed instead of the stock adjustment of farmland which turned to be stagnant market.Recently, planting vegetables has been diffusing remarkably not only in the small scale farm but also in the middle and large farm while the distribution of farm size has been widening in a higher pace. At the same time, cultivation technology of upland crops is also differentiating. The complimentary relationship between stock and flow adjustment in the new situation has to be required to utilize sufficient agricultural machines and short labor more efficiently.