Treatment System for Mentally Disordered Offenders in Japan

为了帮助建立有效的精神障碍罪犯治疗系统，开展了以下三项研究1。对946名MDO的后续研究，这些MDO于1980年在司法部登记为对其犯罪行为不负责任或减轻责任。3.对1994年在司法部登记的1125个MDO的数据进行了分析。英国和日本精神障碍罪犯法律和治疗制度的比较研究从这三项研究中，似乎有以下重要的发现：大多数(约90%)精神障碍罪犯因对自己的犯罪行为不负责任或责任减轻而被检察官释放而不起诉。但这种没有安全措施的治疗系统是有缺陷的，有时会导致以下严重问题：(1)在检察官的决定过程中，有时不能准确地进行精神评估，一些危险病例可能不住院就直接出院。(2)即使在MDO住院后，也有一些病例因其本身的危险性而提前出院，然后在社区又犯下了罪行。我们没有有效的措施来限制危险患者的出院，也没有任何类型的MDO缓刑制度。(3)由于我们没有专门的医院或MDO的专门病房，我们必须在普通精神病人的同一病房治疗他们。这种不充分的状况导致了综合性精神病院住院患者暴力行为受害事件的高发，针对这些发现，我们应该努力建立有效的MDO救治体系。

For the purpose of contributing to establishi useful treatment system for mentally disordered offenders (MDOs), following three studies were carried out.1. A follow-up study on 946 MDOs, who were registered in 1980 as irresponsibility or diminished responsibility for their criminal act at the Ministry of Justice.2. An analysis of data on 1125 MDOs registered in 1994 at the Ministry of Justice.3. A comparative study of law and treatment system for mentally disordered offenders between UK and Japan.From these three studies, following findings seems to be important.The majority (about 90%) of mentally disordered offenders were discharged by the prosecutors without prosecution by the reason of irresponsibility or diminished responsibility for their criminal act. But such a treating system without security measures is defective, sometimes resulting in serious problems as follows.(1) In the process of the prosecutor's decision, sometimes psychiatric evaluation can not be done adquately, and some dangerous cases may be discharged directly to the community without hospitalization.(2) Even after the MDOs are hospitalized, some cases are discharged so early by reson of their dangerousness by itself, and then they commit another crimes in the community. We have no useful measures to limit the discharge of dangerous patients, nor any type of probation system for MDOs.(3) Because we have no special hospital nor special ward for MDOs, we must treat them in the same ward for general mental patients. Such an inadequate situation results in high incidents of inpatient's victimization of violent act in general mental hospitals.Taking account of these findings, we should make effort to establish useful treatment system for MDOs.