A study on teaching methods of nursing nursing arts in fundamental nursing

沟通能力和解决问题的能力是临床护理的重要技能。然而，这些技能在基础护理教育中并没有得到重视。我们认为基础护理艺术包括四个方面：沟通技巧、解决问题的技巧、治疗技巧和ADL的帮助技巧。我们必须更新护理教育的教学方法。本研究旨在明确上述四项护理技能的教学内容和教学方法。我们的研究分三步进行。第一步是调查临床工作人员的实际行为。第二步是明确4项护理技能的要素。第三步是在对调查结果分析的基础上，探索合适的教学方法。结果：通过对临床经验丰富的护理人员的分析，发现日常生活自理的帮助技能由3个要素组成。这些要素是与危重患者特殊需求相关的护理行为，与预防褥疮相关的护理行为，以及对知情同意的解释和对患者隐私的保护。我们还必须将这些因素纳入护理艺术的教学过程中。解决问题能力的结果包括以下几点。在评估阶段，我们发现了以下要素；访谈技巧，观察技巧，体能评估。在护理诊断阶段，我们发现选择相关数据，解释数据，判断正确或错误，数据之间的关系，以及检查定义，定义特征和相关因素。我们应该培养护生的趋同思维，使他们能够利用这些要素集中在具体的诊断上。关于治疗技巧和沟通技巧的研究目前正在进行分析。研究结果发表于1996年第16届日本护理学会学术会议。

The communication skills and the problem solving skills are important nursing arts in the clinic. However, these skills have not been emphasized in fundamental nursing education. We think fundamental nursing arts consist of four areas such as communication skills, problem solving skills, treatment skills and helping skills on ADL.We have to update our teacing methods in nursing education.The purpose of this study is to clarify teaching content and teaching methods about the above 4 nursing skills. We did research in 3 steps. The first step is to survey actual behavior of clinical staff. The second step is to clarify the elements of 4 nursing skills. The third step is to explore appropiate teaching methods based on the analysis on survey results.Results : based on the analysis of clinical experienced nurses, we found the helping skills on ADL consisted of 3 elements. These elements are nursing behavior related to specific needs for patients in critical condition, nursing behavior related to the prevention of bed sores, and explanation of informed consent and protection of patient privacy. We also have to included these elements into the process of teacing nursing arts. The results of the problem solving skills included the following. In the assessment phase we found the following elements ; interview technique, observation technique, physical assessment. In the nursing diagnosis phase we found that choosing relevant data, interpreting the data, correct or incorrect judgment, the relationship between data, and checking definitions, defining characteristics and related factors. We should train nursing students in convergent thinking to enable them to focus on a specific diagnosis by using these elements.The research on treatment skills and communication skills is currently undergoing analysis. These topics were reported on the 16th Conference in the journal of Japan Academy of Nursing Sciences 1996.