A Study on Methodologies of Application of IT (Information Technology) to Improve Efficiency in Office Works

这项研究旨在提高办公室工作的生产率，促进高级员工的就业，并将日本管理范式的优势移植到国外。目标是：1.开发办公室工作流程分析工具。对日本的管理模式进行系统化，并说明与之互补的方面。本研究取得的具体成果如下：1.回顾了IDEF0和DFD等工作流分析方法，并对其作为办公分析工具的有效性进行了研究。提出了两种评价IDEF0图中工作过程效率的方法。提出了一种新的基于员工知识的工作流分析方法，并将其应用于一些企业，验证了该方法的有效性。对日本制造业的JIT、TPM和TQC三种管理范式进行了系统化整理，通过相互比较，探讨了三种范式之间的互补特点。文中还展示了这些范式应该与之互补的方面，并讨论了引入信息技术的指导方针以及这些范式。提出了信息展示和入门培训的有效方法，以提高办公室工作人员特别是高级工作人员的工作效率。提出了根据信息对工作过程的有效性对信息进行分类的标准，以选择合适的信息来呈现。在此基础上，通过实验验证了工作绩效与信息类之间的关系。在比较各种计算机培训方法的基础上，讨论了介绍性培训方法的有效性。提出了针对老年工人的培训课程设计的指导原则。

This study aims to improve productivity in office works, to promote the employment of senior workers, and to transfer the advantages of Japanese management paradigms to foreign countries. The goals are ;1. Develop the analysis tools of work flows in office works.2. Systematize the Japanese management models and show the aspects to be complemented by IT.3. Develop the guideline to effective application of IT to office works.The concrete results obtained in this research program are listed below :1. Reviewed work flow analysis methods such as IDEF0 and DFD,and their effectiveness as analysis toos in office works are investigated. Two methods to evaluate the efficiencies of work processes presented in IDEF0 diagrams are proposed. Another new method to analyze the work flow based on workers' knowledge is also proposed and applied to some companies to show its effectiveness.2. Systematize the Japanese management paradigms in manufacturing ; JIT,TPM and TQC.Through mutual comparison, the mutual complementary characteristics among these three paradigms are discussed. The aspects of these paradigms that should be complemented with It are also shown, and the guideline for introduction of IT along with these paradigms is discussed.3. The effective methods for information presentation and introductory training to improve productivity of office workers, especially senior workers, are proposed. The criteria to classify information according to its effectiveness to work process is proposed to select appropriate information to present. An experiment was carried out to show the relationship between work performances and information classes based on the criteria proposed. The effectiveness of introductory training methods is discussed based on the comparison of various methods for computer based training. The guideline for design of training courses especially for elderly workers is proposed.