Development of Large Scale System and Establishment of Control Organization for Solubilization and Resource Conversion of Biowaste

开发了有效的蒸汽爆炸、酶解、酒精发酵和树脂化系统，用于生物废物的溶解和资源转化。将秸秆作为生物废弃物，在蒸汽压力为2.55 ~ 4.02 MPa、蒸煮时间为0.5 ~ 10 min的操作条件下进行了爆破试验。将爆炸后的稻草分离成水溶性物质、甲醇可溶性木质素、克拉松木质素和纤维素与低分子物质的混合物。从pH值、孔径分布、提取组分用量、酶解糖化等方面研究了蒸汽爆炸对稻草爆炸特性的影响。用蒸汽压力和蒸煮时间的函数表示酶解糖化过程。由式估计，在蒸汽压力为3.3 ~ 3.8 MPa，蒸煮时间为1.8 ~ 2.2 min时，糖化效果最大。酶解产物中的葡萄糖和木糖可以快速有效地转化为乙醇。乙醇产量在0.2 vvm流速下达到最大值。开发了一种生物反应器，利用聚四氟乙烯膜耦合渗透蒸发，从酶解产物中生产更高浓度的乙醇。稻秆中的甲醇可溶性木质素在蒸汽压力为3.53 MPa、蒸煮时间为2 min的条件下发生爆炸，通过环氧树脂反应转化为优良的热固性树脂。

Effective systems of steam explosion, enzymatic hydrolysis, alcohol fermentation, and resinification were developed for solublization and resource conversion of biowaste. Rice straw as a biowaste was exploded under various operational conditions such as steam pressure of 2.55-4.02 MPa and steaming time of 0.5-10 min. The exploded rice straw was separated into water soluble material, methanol soluble lignin, Klason lignin, and mixture of cellulose and low molecular substance. The effects of steam explosion on the characteristics of the exploded rice straw were studied from the point of view of pH,pore size distribution, amounts of extractive components, and enzymatic saccharification. The enzymatic saccharification was expressed as a function of steam pressure and steaming time. It was estimated from the equation that maximum saccharification was obtained at a steam pressure of 3.3-3.8 MPa and a steaming time of 1.8-2.2 min. Glucose and xylose in the enzymatic hydrolyzate were converted into ethanol rapidly and efficiently. The amount of ethanol produced reached the maximum value at a flow rate of 0.2 vvm. A bioreactor coupled with pervaporation using a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane was developed for the produdction of a higher ethanol concentration from the enzymatic hydrolyzate. The methanol soluble lignin in the rice straw exploded at a steam pressure of 3.53 MPa and a steaming time of 2 min was converted into an excellent thermosetting resin by the epoxy reaction.