RESEARCH ON PORITICAL PROGNOSTICATION BASED ON THE APPEARANCE OF THE FIVE PLANETS : JUPITER,MARS,SATURN,VENUS,AND MARCURY IN ANCIENT CHINA

1973年在古墓中发现的“五行战”与“干什战”、“什战战”、“什机(**)”、“淮南子(*)”、“汉育(**)”、“后汉术(*)”、“军术(**)”相比较，很明显，占卜“五行展”与其他占卜是一致的。这意味着木星、火星、土星、金星和水星这五颗行星在汉初就已经确立了预测的作用。从西汉开始的六百多年的编年史上，“五星占”、“甘世湛”和“十世占”被认为是好兆头，但在编年史上几乎没有好兆头。大多数人讲述了厄运：内战、饥荒、干旱、瘟疫等。尽管这五颗行星都是人格化的，但从实际情况来看，除了火星之外的四颗行星并没有履行先知的功能。这是因为五颗行星的占星术已经成为一种固定的政治批评手段。也就是说，占星术和五行预言在其失去了算命的合理性后，演变成了对建立的批评。古代中国的批评建立充分利用了科学前的天文学，并通过以五星为基础的不科学的预测在这个人的社会中发挥了很好的作用。这给古代中国的前科学天文学赋予了另一层含义，也证明了古代中国的不可言喻的思想在当时无疑是合理的。

Comparing "Wu-xing-zhan (***) ", whitch was discoverd in an ancient tomb in 1973, with "Gan-shi-zhan (***) ", "Shi-shi-zhan (***) ", "Shi-ji (**) ", "Huai-nan-zi (***) ", "Han-syu (**) ", "Hou-Han-shu (***) ", and "Jun-shu (**) ", it has become clear that divination "Wu-xing-zhan" coincides with the others. This means that the role of the five planets : Jupiter, Mars, Saturn, Venus, and Marcury in prognostication had already become establisyed in the early years of the Han (*) Dynasty."Wu-xing-zhan", "Gan-shi-zhan", and "Shi-shi-zhan" are read as good omens, but there are few good omens in the chronicles for more six hundred years from the Western Han. Most tell of bad fortune : civil wars, famine, droughts, plagues, etc.Although all of the five plamets are personified, as a practical matter the four planets other than Mars did not fulfill function as a prophets. This was because the astrology of five planets had already become fixed as a means of political criticism. That is to say, astrology and prognostication using the five planets had evolved into criticism of the Establishment of Zai-yi-shuo (***) after it had lost its own rationle as fortune telling.In ancient China, criticizing the Establishment made made good use of pre-scientific astronomy, and through unscientific prognostication based on the five planets functioned well among this society of people. This gives another meaning to pre-scientific astronomy in ancient China, and it proves that ineffable thought in ancient China was no doubt rational at that time.