The Passage of Japanese Local Literature in Hawaii ; Reconstruction with a Postcolonial View

日本夏威夷乡土文学在19世纪移民时代向21世纪全球/跨国时代的转型中，被视为一种独特的体裁，它的诞生和发展在很大程度上与夏威夷本土文学的诞生和发展相对应。首先，从上世纪七十年代末的S到八十年代初的S的地方文学运动，伴随着中国本土和日本散文界创办的谈话会议和竹岭出版社及其期刊的创办而兴起。在我对创始人Darrell Lum和Marie Hara的采访中，他们说他们的目标是从夏威夷(波利尼西亚)文学和大陆的亚裔美国人文学中识别夏威夷的地方文学，并提高夏威夷当地人的地方意识，他们的种族、民族、文化和社会背景在种植园时代最初是相互冲突的，但已经逐渐被同化为共同的地方认同。当地文学的诞生可以追溯到殖民时代issei人的移民通道和种植园生活，他们在独特的口头文学中创造了他们的当地叙事，如洞穴歌曲和新移植的热带风景中的日本唐卡、夏威夷语和Senryu。日成人的英语文学源于他们作为美国领土的夏威夷的英国化和美国化学校教育，体现了反抗殖民主义的叙事。三井文学重建了作为地方文学基础的三井和日成的叙事，并探索了殖民生活及其遗产作为他们的地方身份和后殖民时代的地方叙事，在这些时代，他们面临着二战、夏威夷大型海军基地、海啸、美日两国首都的旅游和商业浪潮、城市化以及多种族和多文化环境中的哈巴人。夏威夷的日本乡土文学将引领21世纪的乡土文学。

Japanese local literature in Hawaii in the transformation from the nineteenth-century immigration era to the twenty-first-century global/transnational era is examined as one unique genre whose birth and growth corresponds to those of local literature in Hawaii in a large scale. First, local literature movement from the end of the 1970's to the beginning of the 1980's emerged with the establishment of Talk Story conferences and Bamboo Ridge Press and its journal founded by local Chinese and Japanese sansei. In my interview with the founders, Darrell Lum and Marie Hara, they said that they aim at identifying Hawaii's local literature from both Hawaiian (Polynesian) literature and Asian American literature in mainland and improving the local consciousness among the locals in Hawaii whose racial, ethnic, cultural, and social backgrounds were first conflicting in the plantation era yet have been gradually assimilating into a shared local identity. The birth of local literature is traced back to the issei's immigration passage and plantation life in a colonial era where they create their local narrative in the unique oral literature of hole hole songs and the Japanese tanka, haiku, and senryu in the newly transplanted tropical landscape. The nisei's literature in English which results from their English-and Americanization-oriented school education in Hawaii as an American Territory embodies the narrative that revolts against colonialism. The sansei' literature reconstructs both issei's and nisei's narratives as the foundation of local literature and explores the colonial life and its heritage as their local identity and local narrative in postcolonial era where they are confronted with World War II, Hawaii's large navy base, tsunami, a wave of tourism and commercialism by both American and Japanese capitals, urbanization, and hapa in multiracial and multicultural environments. Japanese local literature in Hawaii will lead the local literature in the 21^<st> century.