STUDIES ON THE SPOROPHYTE MORPHOLOGY AND THE SPOROGENESIS OF BRYOPHYTES

1.孢子母细胞减数分裂可分为5种基本类型，它们与高等分类群之间存在着密切的联系。它们包括：（1）孢子母细胞为单质体，不裂，可产生四面体排列的孢子四分体（Musci和Anthocerotae），（2）形成四面体排列的孢子四分体的多质体、四裂孢子母细胞：每个孢子都含有多质体（苔亚科Jungermanniidae亚纲）;（3）多质体、无裂孢子母细胞产生四面体孢子四分体（地钱属），（4）多质体，无裂孢子母细胞产生双侧孢子四分体（5）产生线形孢子四分体的多质体无裂孢子母细胞（Conocephalumjaponicum）。详细的组织学数据获得的Oncophorus crispifolius的孢子发生作为顶果藓类的代表。光学显微镜和电子显微镜观察首次发现：（1）在被子植物中的一枝黄花、菊花和紫菀中发现了变形虫绒毡层;（2）孢原细胞单层，每细胞分裂3次，产生8个孢子母细胞，即一个孢原细胞产生32个孢子。孢子发生的连续阶段首次显示在显微照片中，支持苔藓教科书中解释的孢子发生的一般过程。

1. Five basic types of spore mother cell were recognized in meiotic division of bryophytes, which showed some close co-relations between the types and the taxonomic groups of high category. They include :(1) The monoplastidic, non-lobed spore mother cells which give rise to tetrahedrally arranged spore tetrads (Musci and Anthocerotae), (2) the polyplastidic, quadri-lobed spore mother cells forming tetrahedrally arranged spore tetrads : each spore contains polyplastids (Subclass Jungermanniidae of Hepaticae), (3) the polyplastidic, no-lobed spore mother cells producing tetrahedral spore tetrads (Marchantia), (4) the polyplastidic, non-lobed spore mother cells producing bilateral spore tetrads (Conocephalum conicum), and (5) the polyplastidic, non-lobed spore mother cells producing linear spore tetrads (Conocephalumjaponicum).2. Detailed histological data were obtained for the sporogenesis of Oncophorus crispifolius as a representative of the acrocarpous mosses. Light and electron microscopic observations first showed (1) the amoeboid tapetum is also present in bryophytes, which has been known only in Solidago, Chrysanthemum, and Aster of angiosperms, and (2) a single layer of archesporium is formed in capsule, each cell of which undergoes 3 times cell divisions producing 8 spore mother cells ; namely a single archesporial cell produces 32 spores in this species. Successive stages of sporogenesis were first shown in micrographs which support the general process of sporogenesis explained in textbook for mosses.