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Taxonomic studies on Musci, with special reference to the morphology of sporocytes and their relationships to higher taxonomic ranks

蝇的分类学研究，特别是孢子母细胞的形态及其与更高分类等级的关系

基本信息

批准号：
03640585
负责人：
DEGUCHI Hironori
金额：
$ 1.15万
依托单位：
Kochi University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1992
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-03640585/
关键词：
MUSCI PHYLOGENY SPOROCYTES MEIOSIS CYTOPLASM NUCLEAR DIVISION CHROMOSOME NUMBER

项目摘要

Investigations of sporogenesis were conducted on 33 species of mosses belonging to 7 orders and 17 families in order to search any characters worth of taxonomic recognition of higher categories. Observations were focused especially on the morphology of sporocytes: whether they are spherical or four-lobed and the meiotic stage at which cytoplasmic four-lobing is recognized under photomicroscope with regard to the materials fixed with Carnoy's solution and stained by 0.5% aceto-orcein. Four-lobed sporocytes were observed only species belonging to the family Polytrichaceae except those of Bartramiopsis. The investigation on Oligotrichum is indispensable to evaluate four-lobed sporocytes as taxonomic importance of higher rank. Cytoplasmic lobing was observed at and later stages of second division of meiosis in many acrocarpous mosses, while it was recognizable even at prophase-I in many pleurocarpous mosses. Sporocytes of Sphagnum and Andreaea are spherical to ovoid, never four-lobed; but spore-tetrads of Andreaea are very characteristic having the spores which have the walls strongly wrinkled and are closely packed in the wall of sporocyte, and spores quickly swollen and becoming larger soon after liberation from the sporocyte wall. It seems to be of taxonomic importance that the development of sporophytes of Sphagnum and Andreaea is already completed when they exposed from perichaetial leaves, since this phenomenon is of nature known in hepaticae.

对7目17科33种苔藓植物的孢子发生进行了调查，以寻找具有较高分类识别价值的性状。重点观察了孢子细胞的形态：它们是球形的还是四叶的，以及在光学显微镜下，用Carnoy‘s溶液固定并经0.5%乙酰地衣红染色的材料的减数分裂阶段，即细胞质四叶。除Bartramiopsis外，仅观察到属于多毛科的四裂孢子细胞。对寡毛菌的研究对于评价四裂孢子细胞在分类学上的重要性是必不可少的。许多顶果苔藓在减数分裂第二次分裂后期及后期出现细胞质分叶现象，而许多侧果苔藓甚至在前期-I也能观察到细胞质分叶。Sphagnum和Andreaea的孢子细胞为球形到卵圆形，不是四裂的，但Andreaea的孢子四分体的特征是孢子具有强烈的皱折，紧密地堆积在孢子体的壁上，孢子从孢子体壁上解放出来后迅速膨胀并变大。这似乎具有分类学上的重要性，当泥炭藻属和安德烈属的孢子体暴露在叶鞘上时，它们的发育已经完成，因为这种现象是在肝菌属中已知的自然现象。