Intensification of indigenous agriculture in Africa

在赞比亚、坦桑尼亚、埃塞俄比亚和喀麦隆进行了关于非洲土著农业集约化的生态人类学研究。研究结果如下：1.刀耕火种农业集约化和半永久性农田的发展：研究的目的是分析非洲土著农民生活战略的社会经济/生态背景，他们受到政府的SAP和自由经济政策的影响。(1)赞比亚的本巴人由于缺乏化肥供应，放弃了半永久种植，转而采用本地香茅烯种植和养猪相结合的种植方式。(2)揭示了喀麦隆热带雨林地区在GAP栽培的基础上，具有较为稳定的本土生产体系。高原土著农业的集约化：(1)坦桑尼亚的马滕戈有一种独特的系统，称为恩戈洛坑耕作。通过t…进一步分析他们的耕作、土地所有制以及他们的民间知识体系，他们的独特特征被描述为一个仍然保持着迁徙趋势的定居社会。(2)在坦桑尼亚的卢古鲁，当地农业实践与经济作物农业共存。(3)在埃塞俄比亚的Konso，农业集约化的性质被解释为充分利用环境资源，如陡坡梯田耕作、施肥、作物/杂草产品的多种用途和复杂的小规模灌溉系统。强化本土根茎作物农业：(1)在埃塞俄比亚的An和Yem，研究了与Enset农业有关的集约生产系统和文化综合体，并将其描述为一种独特的田地管理和多用途利用系统。(2)坦桑尼亚哈亚车前草-香蕉农业生态分析表明，香蕉-咖啡混作(Kibanja)的地理条件和管理是集约化的重要因素。较少

Ecological-anthropological studies on the intensification of indigenous agriculture of Africa have been conducted in Zambia, Tanzania, Ethiopia and Cameroon. Followings are the research results and findings :1. Intensification of slash-and -burn agriculture and the development of semi-permanent field : The aim of the research was the analysis of the socioeconomic/ecological background of the life-strategy of indigenous African farmers who are influenced by the government policy for SAP and free-economy. (1) The Bemba in Zambia abandoned the semipermanent cultivation, due to the lack of chemical fertilizer supply and shifted back to the indigenous citemene cultivation combined with pig raising. (2) It is revealed that he Njem in the rain forest of Cameroon have the fairly stable indigenous production system based on the gap-cultivation.2. Intensification of indigenous agriculture in the highland : (1) The Matengo of Tanzania have the unique system called Ngolo pit-cultivation. Through t … More he analysis of their farming, land tenure as well as their folk knowledge systems, the peculiar characteristics were described as a sedentary society that still retains the tendency of migration. (2) In the Luguru of Tanzania, those of indigenous agricultural practices are found coexisting with cash crop agriculture. (3) In the Konso of Ethiopia, the nature of agricultural intensification was explained as a thorough usage of environmental resources such as terraced cultivation of steep slopes, manuring, diversified usage of crop/weed products and sophisticated small-scale irrigation system.3. Intensification of indigenous root-crop agriculture : (1) On the An and Yem in Ethiopia, the intensive production system and the cultural-complex related to enset agriculture were studied and described as a unique system of field management and multipurpose utilization. (2) Agro-ecological analysis of Haya plantain-banana agriculture in Tanzania showed that the geographical condition and the management of the banana-coffee mixed cropping (kibanja) should play an important role for the intensification. Less