International Comparative Research on Koban System

本研究由该课题组于1996至1998年间进行，主要从环境犯罪学的角度研究如何减少犯罪，并对美国、英国、德国和新加坡等国的Koban制度或其对应制度的各种类型进行了比较。近年来，特别是在对S犯罪问题严重感到尴尬的国家中，日本的Koban制度备受推崇，事实上，一些国家已经引入了这一制度。在我们的研究中，我们走访了这些场所，并在那里直接采访了警察和社区民众，因为日本的Koban制度在他们之间关系密切的团队中享有良好的声誉。根据我们的研究结果，(1)等同于Koban制度的效率取决于警察和社区人民的关系；(2)与西方国家和新加坡相比，成本效益更重要，所以他们不喜欢将社区警务设置在犯罪率较低的地区；(3)在一些场所，人们不喜欢这样的制度，因为它可以祈求作为违法者控制社区人民的作用，以及(4)在其他地点，与Koban相同的是，社区警务的类型与Koban有很大不同，更适合自己的文化。应该纳入我们的研究场地，因为他们被认为有自己的类型的社区警务。

This research has been done between 1996 and 1998 by the research group mainly from environmental criminorogy, which extains how crime can be reduced.It forcused on comparision of the vatious types of Koban system or its counter parts in several counties such as USA, UK Germany and Singapore. In recent years, especially among the countries which are embarrassed by the serious crime problem s, the Japnese Koban system is moree highly evaluated and in fact, some of them have already introduced this system. In our research, we have visited these venues and there directly interviewed the police officers and the community people because the Japanese Koban system enjoys the good reputation in teams of close relationship between them.According to the result of our research, (I) the efficency of equivalent system to Koban depends on the relationship between the police and the community people, (2) comparatively among the Western countries and Singaipore, cost benefit is more important, so they do not like to set the community policing in the areas which have less crime, (3) in some venue, the people do not like such a system because it can pray a role of controling the community people as law violators, and (4) in other venue, in sjiteof the same word as Koban, the type of community policing is much different from Koban, which is more suitable to its own culture.In our future research, the other countries, namely Canada, South Korea, Norway and Australia. should be incluled into the venues of our research because they are considered to have their own type community policing.