Ecology of Long-term Health and Survival in Papua New Guinea

对于由13个村庄的约2000人组成的吉德拉语人口，我们澄清了(1)过去30年的详细人口动态和迁徙历史，(2)所有女性的繁殖史，(3)从5个村庄采集的样本的性激素水平的测定，(4)基于两周食物消费调查的营养状况估计。其中一个暂定结论显示，女性绝经后的平均产次大小为3.6，其特征是在零胎率时达到峰值。对她们激素水平的分析结果表明，零胎率的妇女没有特殊的特征，绒毛膜促性腺激素水平检测到的所有怀孕都导致了活产。然而，需要进一步的分析，其中增加了年龄因素，因为激素水平随着生育年龄和更年期年龄的不同而不同。我们对10个村的2000人进行了(1)人体测量和血压测量，(2)对1996年调查中确定的育龄妇女最近一年的流产和死产情况进行了跟踪调查，(3)对这些村的人进行了尿液尿素氮和钠的测定，(4)对1个村的儿童进行了行为观察，(5)对同村的村民的生产和消费活动进行了观察。与吉德拉人相比，Asaro人被认为更现代化，表现为更高的身体质量指数(男性平均为23.7，女性平均为24.2)。

For the Gidra-speaking population, consisting of about 2000 peoples in 13 villages, we clarified (1) detailed population dynamics and migration histories in the last 30 years, (2) reproduction histories of all females, (3) determination of sex hormone levels (estradiol, progesterone and chorionic gonadotropin) of the samples collected from the five villages, (4) estimation of nutritional status based on two-week food consumption surveys. One of the tentative conclusions showed that the mean parity size for women after menopause was 3.6, characterized by the peak at zero parity. The results of analysis of their hormone levels demonstrated that there were no specific features in the zero-parity women and that all pregnancies detected by chorionic gonadotorpin level led to live births. However, further analysis, in which age factors are added, is needed because hormone levels differs from reproductive age to menopausal age.For tha Asaro-speaking population. 2000 peoples in 10 villages, we conducted (1) anthropometry and blood pressure measurements for 313 adults, (2) follow-up study for the women, who were determined as reproductive age in our 1996 survey, about abortion and stillbirth in the last one year, (3) measurements of urea nitrogen and sodium for urine samples collected from the peoples in these villages, (4) behavioral observation for chidren in one village, and (5) observations for the villagers' producing and consuming activities in the same village. In comparison with the Gidra people, the Asaro people were judged more modernized, represented by higher body mass index values (23.7 for males and 24.2 for females on average).