Dairy Farming in Liberalized Economy and Production Quota Allotment.

1)西欧以市场为导向的牛奶配额买卖分配加速了高效牧场和低生产率牧场的生产集中。结果，牛奶的平均生产成本降低了。如果采用这种方法，日本也会预先考虑到同样的结构变化。2)实地访谈是在群马和偏远的北海道进行的，群马是向大都市供应牛奶的一个饮用地区。基于个人决策的牛奶配额买卖在群马占主导地位，在北海道则以社区共识响应为主。然而，在这两个地区，奶牛场工人之间的非正式相互依赖是配额交易的一个重要因素。换句话说，现实是基于社区依赖的交易。第二，事实证明，短期租赁作为牛奶配额交易的一种过渡形式是一种有效的方式。3)营销单元的地域扩张(即所谓的区域封锁)是提高农业合作社供应控制管理的一种合理的供给侧营销策略，但由于全国联盟的组织和活动是垂直结构的，全国联盟在全国范围内的供应控制规则并不够有效。4)目前的牛奶合作营销中，限制排奶的使用和农场收取的价格是值得改进的。另一方面，引入配额分配的区域补偿，以远期合同为基础的产销。还建议将普遍存在的合作社重新组织到牛奶营销委员会。因此，本研究设想了“日式牛奶配额交易制”。

1) Market oriented buy-and-sell allotment of milk quota in Western Europe accelerated the production concentration on efficient farms and low productivity farms' dropout. As a result, the average production cost of milk was reduced. The same structural changes are preconceived in Japan if such method is generated.2) The Field interviews were executed in Gunma, a drinking milk supply region to metropolitan area, and the remote supply region, Hokkaido. Individual decision based buy-and-sell of milk quota is predominant in Gunma and community consensus responsive in Hokkaido. However, in both regions, informal mutual dependence among dairymen is an important factor for quota transaction. In other words, reality was community reliance based transaction. Secon, it turned out that short-term lease is an effective way as a transitional form for the transaction of milk quota. In addition, buy-and-sell quota tends to be more popular in the regions where Agr.Coops.are playing rule for the initiation and promotion of this.3) Geographical expansion of marketing unit (so-called the Regional Blocking) is one of rational supply side marketing strategies in order to improve supply control management of Agr.Coops.However, the rule of national federation in nationwide supply control is not so effective enough as was expected since the organization and activities of the federation are of the vertical structure.4) Present cooperative milk marketing, in which usage of row milk are restricted and farm received price is pooled, should be improved. On the other hand, regional compensation for quota allotment, forward contract based production and marketing should be introduced. Rerganization prevailing cooperatives to Milk marketing Board is also suggested. Thus, this study envisaged "Japanese type milk quota transaciton system"