A Study of Modern Ottoman Marine Transportation

本研究的目的是分析奥斯曼帝国海上运输现代化的过程，并澄清与奥斯曼帝国融入资本主义世界经济有关的一些问题。具体而言，研究了以下三个问题。(1)奥斯曼帝国海军对商业航运的参与（2）与外国轮船公司的竞争（3）突厥穆斯林军官和官僚与非穆斯林资本家和官僚之间的对立通过对上述三个问题的分析，本文将有助于解释奥斯曼帝国未能使国内航运更加现代化和自力更生的原因。

The purpose of this study is to analyze the process of modernization of Ottoman marine transportation and clarify some issues pertaining to the, incorporation of the Ottoman Empire into the capitalist world economy.Specifically, the following three questions were examined.(1) The participation of the Ottoman navy in commercial shipping(2) The competition with foreign steamship companies(3) The antagonism between Turk-Muslim officers and bureaucrats and non-Muslim capitalists and bureaucratsBy analyzing the above three questions, this survey should help to explain the reason why the Ottomans failed to make domestic shipping more modem and self-reliant.