ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL HUB AIRPORTS

外部性效应越大，公用事业费用越大，所得税率越小。这个结果显然与标准论点相反。如果本国旅行对本国经济的外部性效应大于外国人，则公用事业费用增大，而所得税率减小。也就是说，如果外国游客更重要，则应提高所得税率，以减少机场公用事业费用，抓住外国人的需求。在某种意义上，这与标准论点是一致的。如果另一个国家的基本生产率提高，所得税率会迅速下降，而公用事业和公用事业费用会小幅上升。即邻国的经济增长通过枢纽机场竞争给母国带来正外部性。如果另一个国家的人口增加，所得税率会降低，而公用事业费用会增加一点。也就是说，邻国的大量人口会给母国的预算带来大量收入。因此，它可以降低所得税率。如果消费者更喜欢自己国家的机场，那么公用事业费用就会上升，而个人所得税则会下降。在“全球化”的背景下，人们往往忽略了机场的“民族性”。如果是这样的话，标准论点可能是合理的。

While the externality effect is larger, the utility fee becomes larger yet income-tax rate becomes smaller. This result is clearly opposite to the standard argument. If its own trip's externality effect for its own economy is greater relative to the foreigner's, the utility fee becomes larger yet income-tax rate becomes smaller. That is, if the foreign travelers are more important, income-tax rate should be higher in order to reduce airport utility fee and capture foreigner's demand. In some sense, this accords with the standard argument. If the other country's basic productivity goes up, income-tax rate decreases rapidly while the utility as well as utility fee increases a little. That is, a neighboring country's economic growth gives positive externality to the home country through hub airport competition. If the other country's population goes up, income-tax rate decreases while the utility fee increases a little. That is, a neighboring country's large population gives large revenue to the home country's budget. Thus, it can reduce the income-tax rate. If consumers prefer own country's airport more, the utility fee goes up while income-tax rate down. According to the "globalization, " people tend to ignore the "nationality" of airports recently. If it is the case, the standard argument may be justifiable.