Interactions Working between the Clay Particle-Clay Particle and Solvent Water as Studied from Views of the Physical Chemistry of Solutions

以人造粘土皂石为样品，通过超声波声速、密度、zeta电位和X射线衍射等测试手段，研究了不同链长的表面活性剂对皂石的插层作用。主要结果如下：1）确定了样品溶液随时间和浓度变化的稳定条件; 2）采用三烷基溴化铵C_nTAB（n = 8，10，12或14）作为表面活性剂。向这些样品的水溶液中加入非常稀的粘土溶液，并使用基于Sing-around技术的装置测量超声波速度的变化。绝热压缩系数Δ kappa =kappa_<soln>-kappa_<solv>随烷基链碳数的变化呈规律性变化。4）层间距随n的变化而变化。zeta电位的测量支持了上述结果。单原子体系的评价的基础上的积分方程理论的统计力学的解决方案。

The artificial clay saponite was taken as sample and the intercalation of surfactants with different chain length was investigated by the measurement of ultrasonic velocity, density, and zeta-potentials, and X-ray diffraction. Major results obtained are summarized as follows :1) The stability conditions of sample solution with regard to time and concentration have been confirmed.2) Surfactants trialkylammonium bromide C_nTAB where n is equal to 8,10,12, or 14 was used. To the aqueous solutions of these samples, very dilute clay solutions were added and the changes in ultrasonic velocity were measured with an apparatus based on the sing-around techniques. The adiabatic compressibilities obtained from the data of velocity and density have shown that the surfactants are intercalated.3) The difference in the adiabatic compressibilities DELTAkappa=kappa_<soln>-kappa_<solv> varied regularly with carbon number of the alkyl chain.4) The interlamillar distances of the intercalated clay varies with n, indicating the intercalation.5) zeta-potential measurements supports the above mentioned results.6) The thermodynamic quantities of monoatomic-monoatomic systems were evaluated on the basis of the integral equation theory in the statistical mechanics of solutions.