Prediction of impact of global warming on geographical distributions of disease vector mosquitoes

根据文献资料，分析了32种蚊类（伊蚊13种，库蚊7种，按蚊7种，库蚊1种，弓吻蚊2种，痒螨2种）未成熟发育与温度的关系。(1)亚北极地区伊蚊和库蚊的发育起点温度在0.5 ℃以下，明显低于温带、亚热带和热带种类。(2)温带、亚热带和热带种的发育起点约为100 ℃。10 ° C或更高。温暖地区的物种不一定有更高的发育阈值。(3)发育阈值的种内变异未被确认。(4)有一些热带和亚热带物种的旧数据。对7种（14种）斑蚊非滞育卵进行了抗寒性和抗旱性的实验室研究。包括的物种有：Paullusi伊蚊（分布于 ...更多信息 热带伊蚊（Aedes scutelaris）、埃及伊蚊（Aedes aegypti）、白纹伊蚊（Aedes albopictus）、河流伊蚊（Aedes riversi）、黄纹伊蚊（Aedes flavopictus）、白纹伊蚊（Aedes galloisi）。(1)如果湿度高，保罗伊蚊和盾斑伊蚊可以在零度以下的温度下存活几天。(2)埃及伊蚊可以在零度以下的温度下存活至少几天。该品种抗旱性强。(3)白纹伊蚊的抗寒性存在种内变异。来自温带地区的海星在零下温度下至少能存活20天。其抗旱能力仅次于埃及伊蚊。(4)河纹伊蚊和黄纹伊蚊的亚热带和温带品系均具有与白纹伊蚊临时品系相当的耐寒能力。这些物种对干旱的抵抗力较低。(5)白纹伊蚊最耐寒，可在零度以下存活两个月以上。该物种对干旱的抵抗力最弱。(6)卵在零度以下的生存能力是决定蚊子地理分布的重要属性，但由于耐寒性以外的因素，真实的分布可能比耐寒能力预期的要窄。结果将用于预测全球变暖对蚊子地理分布的影响。少

Relation between temparature and immature develpment was analyzed for 32 mosquito species (13 Aedes, 7 Culex, 7 Anopheles, 1 Culiseta, 2 Toxorhynchites, 2 Psorophora) based on literat ure data. (1) Developmental thresholds of Aedes and Culiseta species of the subarctic zone are c a.5ﾟC or lower and destinctly lower than temperate, subtropical and tropical species. (2) Devel opmental thresholds of temperate, subtropical and tropical species are ca. 10ﾟC or higher. Species of warmer regions do not necessarily have higher developmental thresholes. (3) Intra-specific variations for developmental thersholds are not recognized.(4) There are a few old data for tropical and subtropical species. This lack must be fulfillled, because those species are most dangerous from the view point of global warming.Laboratory experiments for cold-and drought-resistance of non-diapause eggs were performed for 7 species (14 starins) of Aedes (stegomyia) species. Species included are ; Aedes paullusi (distribu … More tion tropcal), Aedes scutelaris (torpical), Aedes aegypti (tropical-subtropical), Aedes albopictus (tropical-warm temperate), Aedes riversi (subtropical-warm temparate), Aedes flavopictus (subtropical-cold temparate), Aedes galloisi (cold temparate). (1) Aedes paullusi and Aedes scutellaris can survive for a few days under sub-zero temparatures if humidities are high. (2) Aedes aegypti can survive at least for several days under sub-zero temparatures. This speoies has high drought-resistance. (3) Aedes albopictus show intra-specific variation in cold-resistance. Starins from temperate regions can survive at least for 20 days under sub-zero temparatures. This species has drought-resistance ability next to Aedea aegypti. (4) Both subtro pical and temperate strains of Aedes riversi and Aedes flavopictus has cold-resistance ability comparable to temparate stains of Aedes albopictus. These species are less resistant to drouget. (5) Aedes galloisi is most resistant to coldness, being capable of suvival for more than 2 months under sub-zero temparatures. This species is least resistant to drought. (6) Capability of eggs to survive under sub-zero temperatures is an improtant attribute determining geographica 1 distribustions but real distributions may be narrower than expected from cold resistace ability due to factors other than cold resistance.The results will be used for prediction of impact of global warming on geographical distribution of mosquitoes. Less