Effects of exercise on bone mass and bone structure-Cross-sectional and 3-year-longitudinal Studies-

我们调查是否体育锻炼有影响，以增加骨量或减少骨量的减少在不同的月经状态。40名女子排球运动员分为4组，根据月经状态; 13个前，7笔，12个早期后，和8个晚期后绝经妇女。89例健康女性为对照组（分别为13、11、23、12例）。采用双能X线骨密度仪（DXA）测量腰椎和跟骨的骨密度（BMD），采用周边定量计算机断层扫描（CT）和跟骨定量超声（QUS）测量胫骨的BMD，每年进行3次。绝经前运动员皮质优势部位骨密度显著高于对照组，皮质骨面积显著大于对照组，转动惯量显著高于对照组，皮质骨密度显著高于对照组。在绝经前和绝经后早期， ...更多信息 运动员组皮质骨丢失率无明显差异，而高撞击部位的骨小梁优势骨丢失率较低。大多数初始测量值与YSM和BMI显著相关，训练总量与脊柱BMD、足跟BMD和胫骨皮质面积呈正相关。在骨丢失率方面，BMI与胫骨皮质优势部位骨密度丢失率呈显著相关，YSM与足跟QUS、DXA呈显著相关，当前训练时数与足跟DXA呈显著相关。减少绝经相关的骨量减少，主要是在高度撞击部位的小梁区域。雌激素、运动量和体重指数在不同的骨骼部位表现出不同的关系。少

We investigated whether physical exercise had effects to increase bone mass or to reduce decrease of bone mass in the various menstrual status.40 volleyball women players were divided into 4 groups according to the menstrual status ; 13 pre-, 7 pen-, 12 early post-, and 8 late post-menopausal women. 89 healthy women were the control (13, 11, 23, and 12, respectively). The measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and calcaneus using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and the tibia using peripheral quantitative computed tomography and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the calcaneus were annually performed three times.The initial bone measurementswere higher in the player group. The pre-menopausal players showed significantly higher BMD in cortical dominant site and larger cortical bone area, higher moment of inertia than in the control, and showed increase of BMD in the cortical component. In the peri- and early post-menopausal status, there were no or minimally signific … More ant differences in the rate of bone loss of the cortical component, while the loss rates of trabecular dominant bone in the high- impact sites were lower in the player group. Most of the initial measurementswere significantly related to YSM and BMI, and the total amount of training showed positive relationship with the spinal BMD, heel BMD, and the tibial cortical area. For the rate of bone loss, BMI showed the significant relationship with the rate of loss of tibial BMD in cortical dominant sites, and YSM showed significant relationship with those of the heel QUS and DXA.The cur rent training hours showed significant relationship to the heel DXA.In conclusion, the impact-type exercise showed contributions to the highly stored bone mass, especially in the cortical component before menopause, and reduction of menopause-related decrease of bone mass, mainly in the trabecular region of highly impact sites. The estrogen, exercise and body mass index showed different relationship depending on the skeletal sites. Less