Studies on dynamic process of contingency on choice behavior

在我们的游戏情境行为研究中，我们决定了以下两个主题。这两个主题都关注游戏情境中选择行为的动态过程：1）游戏在动物学习研究中的方法论和理论考虑。2)我们设计了（或批判性地分析了）预测游戏任务（PGT），并表明它涉及到各种实验程序的一部分，如强化的并发链计划和延迟匹配到样本的程序，具有不同的结果。我们还回顾了行为分析和相关领域的定量模型，并研究了几个模型，适用于模拟选择行为的游戏situation.PGT是一个程序，它包括五个连续的事件：（1）预测刺激，（2）选择反应，（3）信息刺激，（4）所需的反应，以获得验证，（5）验证。巧合 ...更多信息 预测性刺激和信息性刺激之间的一致性与非一致性表示实验者（环境）侧的合作性与缺陷性移动，而预测性刺激和选择响应之间的一致性与非一致性表示受试者侧的合作性与缺陷性移动。根据描述博弈情况的收益矩阵，两步棋的组合决定了获得一个棋子所需的反应数量。在一系列采用“小鸡困境”作为支付矩阵的实验中，大鼠表现出强烈的位置偏好，并且它们的行为不受暂停和纠正方法、延长试验间隔和缩短选择反应与信息刺激开始之间的间隔的影响。另一方面，如果没有预测刺激，人类受试者遵循实验者一侧的选择分配比率，如果引入预测刺激，则遵循预测刺激的比率。在我们对改变抵抗力（RC）的研究中，这是一种在选择情境下的偏好及其动态过程的另一种测量，鸽子在产生更高强化率的替代方案中表现出更高的RC，当它们的反应被预先喂食中断时，但当暴露于同时的VI-VI时间表后，它被灭绝所破坏时，情况就不是这样了。但无论是进食前还是消退过程中，基线训练和反应干扰操作的选择比例没有差异。少

We decided on the following two topics in our behavioral research of game situations. Both topics focus on the dynamic processes of choice behavior in game situations: 1) Methodological and theoretical considerations of games in animal learning research. 2) Identification of variables that control choice behavior in game situations.We devised (or critically analysed) the Prediction Game Task (PGT) and showed that it involves parts of various experimental procedures, such as the concurrent chains schedule of reinforcement and the delayed matching-to-sample procedure with different outcomes. We also reviewed quantitative models in behavior analysis and related fields and examined several models that are appropriate for the simulation of choice behavior in game situations.PGT is a procedure that consists of five successive events: (1) a predictive stimulus, (2) a choice response, (3) an informative stimulus, (4) required responses for obtaining reinforcers, and (5) reinforcers. Coincidenc … More e vs. non-coincidence between a predictive and an informative stimulus represents a cooperative vs. defect move of an experimenter (an environment) side, but coincidence vs. non-coincidence between a predictive stimulus and a choice response represents a cooperative vs. defect move of a subject side. According to a payoff matrix that characterizes a game situation, combinations of two moves determine the number of responses required to receive a reinforcer. Under a series of experiments that adopted "the chicken dilemma" as a payoff matrix, rats showed strong position preference and their behavior was not modified by time-out and correction method, prolonged inter-trial intervals, and shortened intervals between a choice response and the onset of an informative stimulus. Human subjects, on the other hand, followed the choice-distribution ratio of the experimenter side if there were no predictive stimuli, and followed the ratio of the predictive stimuli if they were introduced. Their behavior, however, depended on the information reliability correlated with these stimuli.In our studies on resistance to change (RC), which is an another measure of preference and its dynamic process in a choice situation, pigeons showed higher RC during an alternative that produced higher reinforcement rate when their responding was disrupted by prefeeding, but not when it was disrupted by extinction that followed an exposure to a concurrent VI VI schedule. But in both the prefeeding and extinction procedures, no differences in choice proportion were obtained between baseline training and response disrupting operation. Less