A HISTORICAL STUDY ON TRANSFORMATION OF IDEAL AND CURRICULUM OF WOMEN'S COLLEGES IN THE UNITED STATES, 1880-1916

本研究包括以下三个部分：1)霍利奥克山女子神学院转型为一所成熟的学院，使学校长期形成的“神学院风气”发生了冲突。获得特许所必需的升级课程，实质上是男子学院过时课程的翻版。2)妇女教育协会为女性打开哈佛学院大门的努力在第一阶段取得了部分胜利，哈佛女子考试诞生了。然而，科举考试与查尔斯·w·艾略特发起的教育改革是矛盾的，因为他把大学的卓越理想集中在原创的讲座和研究上，而科举考试则是基于旧的背诵制度。(3)美国大学校友会对企业会员新标准的探索在很大程度上受到其他组织标准化和认证努力的影响。协会独特的未来入学要求，充分关注妇女的教育需求，确实挑战了传统的学术卓越的定义，但他们并没有摆脱“文科的魔咒”。这项研究突出了女性高等教育的一个历史悖论。虽然妇女试图以男子教育为榜样，进行“进步的”教育改革，但最终的结果往往是过时的、“倒退的”。

This study consists of the following three parts :1) Mount Holyoke Female Seminary's transformation into a full-blown college brought conflict into school's long-established "ethos of seminary." The upgraded curriculum, which was required to obtain charter, was essentially a copy of outdated curriculum of men's colleges.2) Woman's Education Association's effort to open the door of Harvard College for women, on its first stage, won a partial victory and Harvard Examination for Women was born. The Examination was, however, contradictory to education reform initiated by Charles W. Eliot in that he focused his ideal of university's excellence on original lectures and research while the Examination was based on an old recitation system.3) Association of Collegiate Alumnae's search for a new standard of corporate membership was greatly influenced by other organizations' effort of standardization and accreditation. The unique futures of Association's requirement of admission that paid full attention to women's educational needs did challenge the conventional definitions of academic excellence, but they were not free from "the spell of liberal arts."The study highlights a historical paradox of women's higher education. Although women tried to make "progressive" educational reform, by following men's education as the model, the net result was often outdated, "regressive" one.