Knowledge-based Product development : case study of the Japanese Firm from the viewpoint of 3-D CAD model

我们的研究认为，信息技术在以知识为基础的产品开发的创造中起着核心作用。基于我们对制造业的观察，本研究认为信息技术不仅有助于提高效率，而且有助于提高工程师和组织的假设创造能力。它讨论了阻碍有效引入It的因素，以及成功适应的潜在管理和组织要求。对于游戏软件等后工业产品，研究发现，共享一个共同的领域（Ba）使日本企业能够灵活地应用知识型产品开发。Ba是由领导者和团队成员之间的合作培育出来的，而共同创造的实施是基于参与者之间的信息交流和兄弟情谊。除了微观层面的“Ba”，即组织层面的“Ba”之外，我们的研究还提出了一个假设，即从宏观层面的“Ba”，即产业集群的角度，可以充分感知游戏软件开发的动态性。我们坚持“东京游戏-软集群”的发现，并试图探究为什么会出现观察到的集群现象。影响企业区位偏好的主要因素包括教育机构存在所界定的空间发展条件的质量、市场准入等。论文还强调了空间的舒适方面，即社区生活的质量，吸引创新创造者的流动。从这个角度来看，最引人注目的区域是东京内部的“山手线南”集群。

Our research argues that information technologies play a central role in the creation of knowledge-based product development. Based on our observation on manufacturing industries, the research argues that information technologies can contribute not only to efficiency improvements but also to improved hypothesis creation capabilities in engineers and organization. It discusses the factors that hinder the effective introduction of ITs as well as the potential management and organizational requirements for successful adaptation.Regarding post industrial products like game software, the research finds that sharing a common field (Ba) has enabled Japanese firms to flexibly apply the knowledge-based product development. Ba has been nurtured by the collaboration between a leader and team members, and the implementation of co-creation has been based on the smooth exchange of information and sense of fraternity among participants.In addition to the Ba of micro level, i.e. organizational "Ba", our research presents a hypothesis that dynamics of game software development can be adequately perceived from the viewpoint of macro level "Ba", i.e. industrial clustering. We insist the finding of "Tokyo Game-soft Cluster" and attempt at inquiring why the observed clustering has been emerged.Major factors affecting the firms' locational preference include the quality of developmental condition of a certain space defined by the existence of educational institution, access to market, etc. The paper also emphases the amenity aspect of the space, i.e. the quality of community life inviting the flow of innovative creators. The most remarkable area from this viewpoint is found to be "Yamanote-line South" Cluster inside Tokyo.