BASIC RESEARCH OF LIGHT-WEIGHT OPTICS USING POLYMER MEMBRANE MIRRORS

为了使远火天文学达到类似于光学波长区的分辨率，需要一个非常大和超轻的空间望远镜。传统的刚性望远镜由于重量大，不能再使用了。需要由柔性薄膜或带有主动支撑系统的半棱镜制成的反射镜。类似的薄膜反射镜也被用于X射线天文学。嵌套的薄箔反射镜提供了一个具有较大收集面积的测试镜。然而，目前的X射线望远镜没有足够好的角度分辨率，因为这些薄片存在很大的形状误差。从膜材料、镜面构造、镜面形状控制等方面进行了研究，从X射线天文学的科学目标出发，提出了4-2角分辨率的高通量掠入射望远镜是必要的。满足我们要求的最现实的想法是多个同轴和共焦的嵌套沃尔特型…More-1光学元件，带有薄而高精度的镜片，从超高精度心轴复制而来。虽然Europian XMM项目实现了由镍电铸技术制造的精密薄复制镜面，但为了未来的任务，我们必须研究新的轻质复制材料，这种材料可以通过复制技术形成精确的表面。在这项研究中，我们布置了设施，并研究了聚合物作为实现这些望远镜的解决方案。实现大口径空间红外望远镜最现实的方式是通过主动支撑系统在CFRP蜂窝结构上安装一个轻质C/SiC反射镜。这种类型的望远镜重量为10-20公斤/平方米。当我们需要更轻的镜子时，由沥青基碳纤维制成的单一蜂窝板是最有前途的。这种材料具有非常低的热膨胀和非常高的导热系数。在这种情况下，我们需要开发抛光或复制技术来制作高精度的CFRP表面。如果我们需要一面重量为&lt；L kg/m^2的超轻反射镜，聚合物薄膜反射镜是唯一的解决方案。然而，目前还没有一种满足所有要求(高表面平整度、紫外光硬化、主动表面控制能力)的材料。较少

A very large and ultra lightweight space telescopes are needed for the far-inflrared astronomy to reach the resolution similar to that in the optical wavelength region. The traditional rigid telescopes can not be used any more because of their large weight. Mirrors made of flexible thin films or semi-ridig panels with an active support system are needed. Similar membrane mirrors are also used in the X-ray astronomy. The nested thin foil mirrors provide a teselscope with large collecting area. The current x-ray telescope, however, has not a good enough angular resolution, because of large shape errors in those thin foils. We studied the membrane materils, how construct mirrors, and how control the mirror shape, etc.Considering scientific objectives in X-ray astronomy, we conclude that a high-throughput grazing incident telescope with medium angular resolution of 4-2 arcsec is necessary. Most realistic idea to satisfy our requirements is a multiple coaxial-and-confocal nested Walter-type … More -1 optics with thin and highly precise mirrors, which are replicated from super-high precision mandrels. Although the Europian XMM project realized precise thin replica mirrors produced by a nickel electro-forming technique, we must, for future missions, research new lightweight replicant material which can form a precise surface by the replica technique. In this study, we arranged facilities and studied the polymers as a solution to realize those telescopes.The most realistic way to realize the large-aperture space infrared telescopes is to use a light-weighted C/SiC mirror attached to the CFRP honeycomb structure through an active support system. This type of telescope weighs 10 - 20 kg/m^2. When we need a lighter mirror, a single honeycomb panel made of pitch-based CFRP is most promising. That material has a very low thermal expansion and a very high thermal conductivity. We need to develop, in this case, the polishing or replica technics to make a high-precision surface with the CFRP.If we need a ultra lightweight mirror with <l kg/m^2, a polymer membrane mirror is the unique solution. However, a material which meets all the requiments (high surface flatness, UV rigidization, active surface control capability) is not available at present. Less